Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Sleep Variables: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005–2008
Table 2
Association between sleep variables and hyperuricemia (defined as levels > 6.8 mg/dL in men and > 6.0 mg/dL in women).
Sleep variables
Sample size (Hyperuricemia %)
Age-, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI)
Multivariable-model 1* OR (95% CI)
Multivariable-model 2† OR (95% CI)
Sleep duration (hours)
≤5 hrs
997 (23.6)
1.15 (0.96–1.38)
1.16 (0.96–1.40)
1.01 (0.82–1.26)
6 hrs
1505 (20.8)
0.96 (0.82–1.13)
0.96 (0.82–1.14)
0.95 (0.81–1.13)
7 hrs
1871 (21.4)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
8 hrs
1710 (17.8)
0.81 (0.69–0.96)
0.82 (0.69–0.96)
0.83 (0.70–0.99)
≥9 hrs
408 (20.7)
1.05 (0.81–1.37)
1.07 (0.82–1.40)
1.15 (0.86–1.53)
-trend
0.0191
0.0304
0.4799
Snoring (nights/week)
0–2
3140 (16.2)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
3-4
1251 (20.8)
1.25 (0.98–1.58)
1.25 (0.98–1.59)
1.06 (0.83–1.35)
≥5
2100 (27.2)
1.64 (1.41–1.90)
1.69 (1.46–1.96)
1.21 (1.02–1.43)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.0278
Snorting (nights/week)
0–2
5693 (19.8)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
3-4
417 (25.9)
1.19 (0.95–1.50)
1.20 (0.95–1.51)
1.02 (0.81–1.30)
≥5
381 (26.3)
1.26 (0.93–1.71)
1.29 (0.94–1.75)
0.89 (0.62–1.28)
-trend
0.0602
0.0467
0.5622
Daytime sleepiness (times/month)
0–15
6142 (20.4)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
≥16
349 (24.4)
1.38 (1.06–1.81)
1.42 (1.08–1.88)
1.28 (0.96–1.71)
-trend
0.0167
0.0126
0.0968
Additive composite score
0
2595 (16.4)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
2591 (21.8)
1.27 (1.08–1.50)
1.30 (1.11–1.54)
1.06 (0.90–1.26)
2
1041 (26.7)
1.59 (1.29–1.95)
1.63 (1.32–2.01)
1.13 (0.91–1.41)
≥3
264 (29.3)
1.88 (1.43–2.47)
1.96 (1.48–2.59)
1.27 (0.94–1.71)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.1231
*Model 1: Adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, and others), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker), and alcohol intake (absent, present) in a multivariable logistic regression model.
†Model 2: Additional adjusted for physical activity (moderate physical activity), body mass index (obese, nonobese), depression (absent, present), diabetes (absent, present), and total cholesterol (mg/dL) in a multivariable logistic regression model. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.
