Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Sleep Variables: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005–2008
Table 4
Association between sleep variables and hyperuricemia, by race/ethnicities*.
Additive composite score
Sample size (Hyperuricemia %)
Age-, sex-adjusted OR (95% CI)
Multivariable-model 1† OR (95% CI)
Multivariable-model 2‡ OR (95% CI)
Non-Hispanic whites
0
1366 (17.4)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
1238 (22.2)
1.21 (0.99–1.47)
1.25 (1.02–1.53)
1.02 (0.83–1.26)
2
486 (26.1)
1.43 (1.12–1.83)
1.50 (1.16–1.95)
1.04 (0.80–1.35)
≥3
122 (30.3)
1.86 (1.30–2.65)
2.05 (1.38–3.03)
1.35 (0.87–2.11)
-trend
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.3788
Non-Hispanic blacks
0
484 (16.1)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
498 (26.0)
1.75 (1.35–2.26)
1.72 (1.32–2.24)
1.45 (1.05–1.98)
2
253 (30.9)
2.14 (1.43–3.21)
2.12 (1.42–3.17)
1.46 (0.95–2.24)
≥3
74 (30.9)
2.18 (1.23–3.88)
2.15 (1.20–3.86)
1.51 (0.79–2.91)
-trend
0.0003
0.0004
0.0957
Mexican Americans
0
459 (12.0)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1 (referent)
1
541 (15.4)
1.28 (0.89–1.83)
1.29 (0.89–1.88)
1.00 (0.67–1.50)
2
174 (20.5)
1.78 (1.10–2.90)
1.82 (1.10–3.02)
1.28 (0.76–2.17)
≥3
28 (26.9)
2.64 (1.01–6.88)
2.92 (1.09–7.83)
2.10 (0.68–6.54)
-trend
0.0043
0.0050
0.2120
*No separate analysis by other race/ethnicities due to small sample size.
†Model 1: Adjusted for age (years), gender (male, female), education (below high school, high school, and above high school), smoking (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker), and alcohol intake (absent, present) in a multivariable logistic regression model.
‡Model 2: Additional adjusted for physical activity (moderate physical activity), body mass index (obese, nonobese), depression (absent, present), diabetes (absent, present), and total cholesterol (mg/dL) in a multivariable logistic regression model. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.