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Herb | Main constituents | Laboratorial and clinical evidence | References |
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Aloe vera | Soluble sugars, nonstarch polysaccharides, lignin, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and antiseptic agents | Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities; stimulates cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis; promotes wound contraction | [184–187] |
Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) | Flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, isorhamnetin), carotenoids (e.g., a-, b-carotene, lycopene), vitamins (C, E, K), tannins, organic acids, triterpenes, glycerides of palmitic, stearic, oleic acids, and amino acids | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; stimulates the healing process; improves wound contraction and epithelialization; increases the hydroxyproline and protein content in the wound | [188, 189] |
Angelica sinensis | Essential oils and water-soluble ingredients; ferulic acid is the main active constituent | Stimulates the proliferation of human skin fibroblasts, the secretion of collagen, and the expression of TGF-β in vitro | [190] |
Catharanthus roseus (Vinca rosea) | Contains two major classes of active compounds: alkaloids (e.g., vincamine) and tannins | Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus; increases wound strength, epithelialization, and wound contraction | [191] |
Calendula officinalis (marigold) | Triterpenoids and flavonoids | Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities; stimulates the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in vitro; stimulates the collagen production and angiogenesis | [192–194] |
Sesamum indicum | Sesamol is the main antioxidant constituent; others include sesamolin and sesaminol | Improves the wound tensile strength, wound contraction, and the hydroxyproline levels in both normal and delayed wound models in rats | [195] |
Morinda citrifolia (noni) | Acids, alcohols, phenols, esters, anthraquinones, sterols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saccharides, carotenoids, esters, ketones, lactones, lignans, and nucleosides | Improves the hydroxyproline content and reduces both the wound area and the epithelialization time in excision wounds in rats | [196, 197] |
Camellia sinensis | Polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, caffeine, and amino acids | Reduces the healing time and the wound length of incision wounds created in Wistar rats | [198, 199] |
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) | Most bioactive constituents include terpenoids and polyphenols, such as carnosol, carnosic acid, and rosmarinic acid | Reduces the inflammation and improves the wound contraction, reepithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition on full-thickness wounds in diabetic mice | [200] |
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