The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Autoimmune Diseases through Failure of the Self-Recognition Mechanism

Table 1

TLRs involved in autoimmune disease with the ligands causing the immune reaction. (EDN: eosinophil-derived neurotoxin; Hsp: heat shock protein; HMGB1: high-mobility group box 1 protein.)

TLRs	Potential endogenous ligands
TLR2	HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 fragments, hyaluronic acid, versican, HMGB1, biglycan, EDN
TLR3	mRNA, dsRNA
TLR4	HSP22, HSP60, HSP70, HSP72, HSP90, HMGB1, oxidised phospholipids, heparin sulfate, fibronectin, tenascin-C, β-defensin 2, versican, hyaluronic acid, minimally modified-low-density lipoprotein, fibrinogen, lung surfactant protein A
TLR7	U1snRNP RNA, ssRNA
TLR8	ssRNA
TLR9	Hypomethylated CpG-DNA