Alleviating Promotion of Inflammation and Cancer Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Table 1

Cancer risk development from NSAID use as recorded from various epidemiology studies.

Type of cancer	Aspirin	Traditional nonaspirin NSAID	More selective COX-2 inhibitor
Proximal	No effect on risk [123]; Decreased risk in women [124]	Reduced risk [123]	No data available (NDA)
Distal	Decreased risk [123]; No effect in women [124]	Reduced risk [123]	NDA
	Decreased risk [123]; No effect in women [124]	No effect on risk [123]	NDA
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC)	Decreased risk for [133]; Slightly decreased risk for BCC SCC [134]	Decreased risk for BCC SCC [133]; Slightly decreased risk for BCC SCC [134]	Decreased risk for BCC SCC [133]; Stronger decreased risk for BCC SCC [134]
Melanoma skin cancer (MSC)	Slightly decreased risk [133]	Slightly decreased risk [133]	No effect on risk [133]
Breast ER/PR (+)	Highly increased risk by aspirin-only NSAID users [131]; No effect on risk [127]	No effect on risk by acetaminophen [131]	Increased risk [131]; Decreased risk in HER2+ [127]
Breast ER/PR (−)	Highly increased risk by aspirin-only NSAID users [131]; Increased risk [132]	No effect on risk by acetaminophen [131]	Increased risk [131]; Decreased risk in HER2+ [127]
Brain glioma	No effect on risk [144]	No effect on risk [144]	No effect on risk [144]
Brain meningioma	No effect on risk [144]	Slightly increased risk [144]	Slight increased risk [144]
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)	Decreases risk [142, 143]	Decreases risk [142]	Decreases risk [142]
Intrahepatic cholangiosarcoma (ICC)	Decreases risk in men [142]; No effect on risk in women [142]	No effect on risk by ibuprofen [142]	No effect on risk [142]
	No effect on risk [138]	Increased risk with acetaminophen, even stronger for metastatic type [138]	Increased risk, even stronger for metastatic type [138]
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)	Decreased risk [135, 136]	Slightly decreased risk [135, 136]	Slightly decreased risk [135, 136]
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA)	Decreased risk [135, 136]	Slightly decreased risk [135, 136]	Slightly decreased risk [135, 136]
Noncardia gastric carcinoma	Decreased risk [135, 136]	Slightly decreased risk [135, 136]	Slightly decreased risk [135, 136]
Cardia gastric carcinoma	No effect on risk [135, 136]	No effect on risk [135, 136]	No effect on risk [135, 136]

locations are associated with gender, age, and race of patients [126]. indicates decreased risk in special subgroups of patients. predisposition may increase risk [139]. cell carcinoma. cell carcinoma.