The Effect of Lithium on Inflammation-Associated Genes in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Raw 264.7 Macrophages

Figure 11

Effects of GSK3β inhibitors (lithium and SB216763) as mechanism of inflammation inhibition. Cells were seeded at 6 × 10⁵ cells/ml (200 μl) on a coverslip and pretreated with 10 mM lithium/sodium chloride and activated with 5 mg/ml LPS for 24 hrs. The fluorescence measurement was captured at 20x magnification with EVOS FL Colour imaging system (Life technologies, USA). B measurement of the CCL-5 chemokine was executed by seeding cell at 6 × 10⁶ cells/ml in T25 flask overnight, followed by treatment of cells with lithium as outlined above and activated with 5 mg/ml LPS for 24 hrs. The levels of RANTES/CCL-5 in the supernatant were measured with Elisa assay 24 hrs after treatment and stimulation. The graphs were executed using GraphPad Prism 4 software and the statistical analysis was carried out with GraphPad InStat software using ANOVA (Tukey–Kramer) (; ).

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