Review Article

Patterns in the Growth and Thematic Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Research: A Study Using Bradford Distribution of Productivity and Path Analysis

Table 5

Yearwise listing of major application areas, their themes and different AI techniques used by researchers based on the available literature (2013 and 2014).

YearArea(s) of applicationTheme(s)Method(S)/models studied/usedNature of the studyInference/conclusion

2013Water resource managementFluoride concentration prediction in ground waterSugeno fuzzy logic (SFL)Validation of effectiveness and comparativeAdditional ANN layer improved performance of four base AI models
Mamdani fuzzy logic (MFL)
Neuro-fuzzy (NF)ANN-ANN more effective
ANN
SFL-ANN
MFL-ANN
NF-ANN
ANN-ANN
Disaster managementFlood forecasting and warning systemANN-ANFISValidation of effectivenessEffectiveness of AI confirmed
Environmental management (mining applications)Prediction of open-pit blasting operationSupport vector machine (SVM)ComparativeSVM more effective
Multi-variate regression analysis (MVRA)

2014Environmental management (air quality)Prediction of photocatalytic efficiencyANNComparativeNeuro-fuzzy (NF) more effective
Neuro-fuzzy (NF)
Water resource managementNonlinear magneto hydro dynamicsANNValidation of effectivenessEffectiveness of AI confirmed
Water inflow predictionSupport vector machine (SVM)Validation of effectiveness and comparativeEffectiveness of SSA (data preprocessing) confirmed
Genetic programming (GP)
Seasonal autoregressive (SAR)
Singular spectrum analysis (SSA)
SSA-SVM
SSA-GP
Stream flow predictionLinear genetic programming (LGP)ComparativeLinear genetic programming (LGP) more effective
ANN
Generalized regression
Neural network (GRNN)
Radial basis function (RBF)
Non-linear differential equation solverPantograph functional differential equationANNValidation of effectivenessEffectiveness of AI confirmed
Simulated annealing (SA)
Pattern search (PS)
Genetic algorithm (GA)
Active set algorithm (ASA)
Hybrid combinations of above