Microstructure, Strength, and Fracture Topography Relations in AISI 316L Stainless Steel, as Seen through a Fractal Approach and the Hall-Petch Law

<div>Microstructural fractal dimension <svg height="11.8174pt" id="M197" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.6163 11.8174" width="19.6163pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="766" vert-adv-y="766"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"><path d="M1006 650H829L492 147L357 650H174L166 618C270 609 275 601 247 502L194 315C158 189 136 127 122 96C104 56 80 37 18 32L12 0H256L263 32C181 40 176 51 183 98C188 132 197 179 226 281L299 541H301L433 6H458L809 551H811L753 141C739 41 734 39 650 32L642 0H917L923 32C836 39 827 41 839 142L887 535C896 610 901 612 997 618L1006 650Z" id="g50-78"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="1030" vert-adv-y="1030"></glyph.data></g></svg> versus fracture surface fractal dimension <svg height="11.8174pt" id="M198" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 16.1453 11.8174" width="16.1453pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="766" vert-adv-y="766"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"><path d="M606 650H137L129 618C217 609 221 609 203 518L129 129C115 46 106 40 26 32L18 0H300L307 32C210 40 203 45 218 129L249 305H358C454 305 455 296 457 219H491L531 425H497C465 353 463 350 366 350H259L300 569C306 605 310 611 346 611H444C522 611 535 598 541 578C550 557 553 519 552 485L588 489L606 650Z" id="g50-71"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="630" vert-adv-y="630"></glyph.data></g></svg> as compared with <svg height="11.8174pt" id="M199" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 50.5853 11.8174" width="50.5853pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="766" vert-adv-y="766"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"><path d="M606 650H137L129 618C217 609 221 609 203 518L129 129C115 46 106 40 26 32L18 0H300L307 32C210 40 203 45 218 129L249 305H358C454 305 455 296 457 219H491L531 425H497C465 353 463 350 366 350H259L300 569C306 605 310 611 346 611H444C522 611 535 598 541 578C550 557 553 519 552 485L588 489L606 650Z" id="g50-71"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="630" vert-adv-y="630"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.64,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="587" vert-adv-y="587"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,30.903,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="766" vert-adv-y="766"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,40.796,3.132)"><path d="M1006 650H829L492 147L357 650H174L166 618C270 609 275 601 247 502L194 315C158 189 136 127 122 96C104 56 80 37 18 32L12 0H256L263 32C181 40 176 51 183 98C188 132 197 179 226 281L299 541H301L433 6H458L809 551H811L753 141C739 41 734 39 650 32L642 0H917L923 32C836 39 827 41 839 142L887 535C896 610 901 612 997 618L1006 650Z" id="g50-78"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="1030" vert-adv-y="1030"></glyph.data></g></svg>.</div>

International Journal of Metals

fig9

Figure 9

Figure 9: Microstructure, Strength, and Fracture Topography Relations in AISI 316L Stainless Steel, as Seen through a Fractal Approach and the Hall-Petch Law 

Figure 9 | Microstructure, Strength, and Fracture Topography Relations in AISI 316L Stainless Steel, as Seen through a Fractal Approach and the Hall-Petch Law 