Recent Advancements in Toxin and Antitoxin Systems Involved in Bacterial Programmed Cell Death

Table 2

Properties of TA systems in chromosomes.

TA system	Organism	Toxin	Antitoxin		Target	Protease cleaving the antitoxin	Reference
			Protein	Antisense RNA
ccdAB	E. coli	CcdB	CcdA		DNA gyrase	Lon	[52]
chpBIK	E. coli	ChpBK	ChpBI		mRNA cleavage	Unknown	[45]
dinJ-yafQ	E. coli	YafQ	DinJ		mRNA cleavage	Unknown	[49, 53]
hipBA	E. coli	HipA	HipB		Unknown	Unknown	[54]
mazEF	E. coli	MazF	MazE		mRNA cleavage	ClpPA	[43]
prlF-yhaV	E. coli	YhaV	PrlF		Unknown	Unknown	[50]
relBE	E. coli	RelE	RelB		mRNA cleavage	Lon	[55]
istR-tisB	E. coli	TisB		IstR-1	Cell membrane	Unknown	[56]
mqsA-mqsR	E. coli	MqsR	MqsA		RNA cleavage	Lon, ClpXP	[57]
hicBA	E. coli	HicA	HicB		mRNA cleavage	Lon	[58]
yafN-yafO	E. coli	YafO	YafN		mRNA cleavage	Unknown	[59]
yefM-yoeB	E. coli, S. pneumoniae	YoeB	YefM		mRNA cleavage	Unknown	[31]
relBE2	S. pneumoniae	RelE	RelB		Unknown	Unknown	[32]
pezTA(ε-ζ like)	S. pneumoniae	PezT	PezA		Transcription	Unknown	[60]
ydcDE	B. subtilis	YdcE	YdcD		Translation?	Unknown	[61]
pemKI	B. anthracis	PemK	PemI		DnaB	Lon	[62]
phd-doc	N. europaea	Phd	Doc		Translation	ClpXP	[63]
parDE	N. europaea	ParE	ParD		DNA gyrase	Unknown	[63]
rv1991ac	M. tuberculosis	Rv1991a	Rv1991c		Unknown	Unknown	[64]
vapBC	M. smegmatis	VapC	VapB		mRNA cleavage	Unknown	[65, 66]
higBA	V. cholerae	HigB	HigA		Unknown	Unknown	[67]
mosA-mosT	V. cholerae	MosT	MosA		Unknown	Unknown	[68]
rv1102c-1103c	M. tuberculosis	Rv1102c	Rv1103c		mRNA cleavage	Unknown	[69]
talAB	L. xyli	TalB	TalA		Unknown	Unknown	[70]