Simultaneous Screening of 24 Target Genes of Foodborne Pathogens in 35 Foodborne Outbreaks Using Multiplex Real-Time SYBR Green PCR Analysis
Table 3
Epidemiological investigations in 21 foodborne outbreaks examined by SG-PCR and bacteriological cultures in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.
Real-time PCR
Isolation
Case N
Date occurred (day/mo/yr)
Days for examination after occurrence
Infected group
Source of infection (suspected source)
No. of patients/total
No. of examined patients
Target genes
No. of positive/examined samples
Causative pathogens
No. of positive/PCRexamined samples
No. of positive/total examined samples
1
4-Oct-02
6
School excursion in a mountain area
Stream water
23/33
22
eaeA and astA
1/7
EPEC
1/7
5/22
eaeA
3/7
astA-positive E. coli
1/7
4/22
astA
2/7
2
03-Sep-03
3
Protective care school
Catering box lunch
22/46
10
astA
2/7
astA-positive E. coli
2/7
3/10
eaeA
1/7
gyrB of P. a and ahh1
1/7
3
01-Oct-03
2
Celebration in a company
Catering box lunch
437/1354
12
cpe
5/7
C. perfringens O:13, O:16
6/7
10/12
4
11-Jun-04
6
Camping group of high school
Grilled meat (beef, bovine intestinal)
4/8
4
Specific gene of C. j
5/7
C. jejuni
5/7
5/8
5
12,13-Jun-04
6 ~ 7
9 citizen groups in Chophouse
Grilled meat (beef, bovine intestinal)
30/UN
12
Specific gene of C. j
4/7
C. jejuni
5/7
10/12
6
17-Jun-04
5
Cooking practise in a high school
Shelf-cooked lunch (salada mixed)
31/41
20
Specific gene of C. j
4/7
C. jejuni
6/7
17/20
7
07-Jul-04
1
Citizen in Chinese restaurant
Fried rice
6/6
6
ces and nheB
2/6
B. cereus
2/6
2/6
8
11-Oct-04
3
Sport club in a high school
Shelf-cooked lunch
26/47
6
cpe
2/6
C. perfringens O:16, OUT
3/6
4/6
astA and st
1/6
9
5~7-Nov-04
5 ~ 7
Restaurant
Unknown
5
5
Specific gene of C. j
2/5
C. jejuni
2/5
2/5
10
Unknown
Several days (19-Jan-05)
Nursery
Unknown
24/73
22
eaeA and stx1
4/7
EHEC O26 [Norovirus
5/7
8/2220/22]
11
28~30-Sep-05
1 ~ 3
Prisoners in a prison
Shelf-cooked meal
113/600
61
astA and cpe
1/7
astA-positive E. coli
7/7
41/46
astA
6/7
(C. perfringens: sporadic case
1/7
1/46)
12
2~6-Oct-05
1 ~ 5
Elementary and high school children
Unknown (School lunch)
39/94
39
astA, aggR and Specific gene of C. j
1/6
(C. jejuni: sporadic case
1/6
1/16)
astA and aggR
1/6
astA
4/6
13
28~30-May-06
0 ~ 2
Citizens at restaurant
Lunch (pilaf and scrambled agg)
27/34
27
femB
1/5
S. aureus
2/5
4/8
astA
1/5
14
4-Jul-06
0
Boarder of high school
Catering box lunch
34/51
34
cpe
7/7
C. perfringens
7/7
19/50
15
16-Aug-06
1
Citizens at restaurant
Fried rice
15/34
15
ces and nheB
1/4
B. cereus
2/4
2/4
aggR
1/4
16
23~29-Aug-06
2 ~ 8
Boarder of training high school
Supper (contaminated sliced cabbage)
19/43
18
astA and Specific gene of C. j
5/7
C. jejuni
6/7
9/14
Specific gene of C. j
1/7
17
2-Sep-06
3
Citizens in Buddhist service
Catering box lunch
14/49
6
tdh
3/6
V. parahaemolyticus
3/6
3/6
Specific gene of C. j
2/6
St
1/6
18
22-Dec-06
5
Citizens at restaurant
Supper (chicken)
12/12
9
Specific gene of C. j
4/7
C. jejuni
4/7
4/9
19
21-Oct-07
1
Citizens at restaurant
Supper
7/13
7
gyrB of P. s
2/5
P. shigelloides
2/5
2/5
eaeA
1/5
20
4-Jul-07
6
Citizens at restaurant
Supper (chicken)
7/11
3
Specific gene of C. j
1/2
C. jejuni
1/2
2/3
21
29-Nov-07
1
Citizens at restaurant
Supper (raw chicken liver)
8/13
6
astA and Specific gene of C. j
1/7
C. jejuni
4/7
4/7
Specific gene of C. j
3/7
(astA-positive E. coli
1/7)
22
28-Mar-08
5
Citizens at restaurant
Sushi
2/7
4
Specific gene of C. j
2/4
C. jejuni
2/4
2/7
23
16-Oct-08
2
workmate
home-made vinegared rice with thin strips of egg
13/15
4
Not detected
0/2
Salmonella Enteritidis
1/2
3/4
24
11-Jul-09
6
Citizens at restaurant
Grilled meat (beef, bovine intestinalmeat, raw liver)
4/4
4
Specific gene of C. j
3/4
C. jejuni
3/4
3/4
25
28-Jul-09
2
Citizens at restaurant
Unknown
13/44
5
eaeA and astA
1/5
STEC O63 (stx2f )
1/5
1/5
astA
1/5
26
25-Aug-09
13
customers of supermarket
Bowl of rice topped with deep-fried poak
4/4
2
Not detected
0/2
Salmonella Enteritidis
2/2
2/2
27
29-Sep-09
3 ~ 7
Employee of restaurant after EHEC O157 outbreak
Unknown
Not tested
7
eaeA, stx1 and stx2
2/7
EHEC O157
4/7
4/7
eaeA and astA
1/7
astA
3/7
28
1-Jun-08
3
Staff of public services
Catering box lunch
171/296
17
cpe
7/7
C. perfringens
7/7
16/17
29
20-Aug-09
1
Citizens stayed in a hotel
Box lunch served by the hotel
11/21
9
femB
4/4
S. aureus
4/4
6/9
30
21-Sep-08
4
Citizens
Unknown
9/16
4
Specific gene of C.j
4/4
C. jejuni
4/4
4/4
31
14-Jun-09
1 ~ 2
Hospital
Supper in hospital
34/148
7
cpe and femB
1/7
C. perfringens
5/7
5/7
cpe
4/7
[Norovirus
2/7]
32
21-Aug-09
5
Citizens at restaurant
Supper
7/10
3
astA and Specific gene of C. j
1/3
C. jejuni
1/3
1/3
astA
1/3
33
14-Nov-09
5 ~ 6
Citizens at restaurant
Supper
9/15
7
astA and Specific gene of C. j
2/7
C. jejuni
6/7
6/7
femB and Specific gene of C. j
1/7
Specific gene of C. j
3/7
34
15-Aug-09
2 ~ 3
School excursion
Supper (potato salada) in a hotel
32/73
tdh
1/7
V. parahaemolyticus
1/7
2/7
ompW
1/7
V. p and V. cholerae non-O1
1/7
1/7
35
16-Sep-09
9
Citizens in Buddhist service
Catering box lunch
25/43
invA
3/7
S. Enteritidis
4/7
4/7
Total
Gene of main pathogen
129/199
Main pathogen
125/199
216/381
64.8%
62.8%
56.7%
nalysis was tested using the ABI 7500 in Shimane (cases 1 to 22), Fukuoka (cases 23 to 25), and Shizuoka Prefecture (cases 31 to 33); ABI 7500 Fast in Fukuoka Prefecture (cases 26 and 27), Thermal Cycler Dice Real-Time System in Hokkaido (cases 28 to 30), and Light Cycler 480 in Kumamoto Prefecture (cases 34 and 35).
