Bacteriophages and Their Role in Food Safety

Table 2

Pre- and postharvest Campylobacter phage applications.

Year	Animal/product	Phage(s)	Strategy	Main outcome	Refs
Preharvest application
2005	Poultry; (broiler chickens)	ΦCP8, ΦCP34	Oral delivery in antacid suspension	Decrease of CFU between 0.5 and 5 log CFU/g in the cecal content over a 5-day period posttreatment	[48]
2005	Poultry; (broiler chickens)	69, 71	Oral delivery	Reduction of CFU by 1 log within 5-day period post-treatment. Phage preventive treatment caused a delay in a colonization	[58]
2009	Poultry; (broiler chickens)	CP220	Oral delivery	Reduction of 2 log CFU per g in cecal content after 48 h inoculated C. jejuni and C. coli birds with a single dose (7 log PFU) of CP220	[49]
2010	Poultry; (broiler chickens)	Phage cocktail	Oral delivery; (oral gavage and in feed)	Reduction levels of C. coli and C. jejuni in feces by 2 log CFU per g when administered by oral gavage and in feed	[50]
Postharvest application
2003	Meat; (chicken skin)	Φ2	Applied on top	1 and 2 log CFU reduction at 4°C using 10^7 PFU per mL. 10^5 and 10^3 PFU per mL failed to decrease CFU	[58]
2003	Meat; (chicken skin)	Φ29C	Applied on top	MOI 1 caused less than 1 log reduction in CFU; MOI 100–1,000 caused 2 log reductions in CFU	[49]
2008	Meat; (raw and cooked beef)	Cj6	Applied on top	The largest reductions were recorded at high host cell density on both raw and cooked beef over a period of 8 days incubation at 51°C	[16]