Antimicrobial and Herbal Drug Resistance in Enteric Bacteria Isolated from Faecal Droppings of Common House Lizard/Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)
Table 4
Effect of source of geckos on antimicrobial drug resistance (% strains) in bacterial isolates from faecal droppings of geckos.
Antimicrobial drug (content in disc)
% Resistant isolates of bacteria isolated from lizards of different sources (number of isolates tested)
Chi-test statistics
Office
HHH
IFS
HGM
Total
Ampicillin (10 µg)
47.1
45.6
52.9
56.6
50.2
0.614
Cefotaxime (30 µg)
7.8
2.9
21.6
1.9
8.1
Chloramphenicol (30 µg)
0
10.3
23.5
1.9
9
Ciprofloxacin (5 µg)
0
1.5
3.9
0
1.3
0.264
Cotrimoxazole (25 µg)
9.8
23.5
21.6
3.8
15.2
Gentamicin (10 µg)
0
0
3.9
0
0.9
0.783
Nitrofurantoin (300 µg)
3.9
36.8
41.2
37.7
30.5
Tetracycline (30 µg)
0
2.9
15.7
1.9
4.9
AC (500 µg)
66.7
85.3
82.4
50.9
72.2
AV (500 µg)
94.1
97.1
98
98.1
96.9
0.620
EG (500 µg)
86.3
95.6
96.1
100
94.6
0.016
LGO (500 µg)
92.2
100
98
94.3
96.4
0.100
PO (500 µg)
84.3
100
92.2
100
94.6
SWO (500 µg)
92.2
98.5
96.1
100
96.9
0.104
ZR (500 µg)
90.2
88.2
92.2
73.6
86.1
0.024
AC: Ageratum conyzoides ethanolic extract; AV: Artemisia vulgaris essential oil; EG: eucalyptus gum; LGO: lemongrass oil; PO: patchouli essential oil; SWO: sandalwood oil; ZR: Zanthoxylum rhetsa ethanolic extract; HHH: human house-holds; IFS: integrated farm units; HGM: hostel, guest house and mess/canteen. Note: Chi-square test was done to test the null hypothesis that source of bacteria had no effect on resistance to antimicrobial drug.
