Serendipitous Isolation of Non-Vibrio Bacterial Strains Carrying the Cholera Toxin Gene from Environmental Waters in Indonesia

Figure 2

The result of PCR targeting ctxA using the plasmid DNA from GCDV 10-1 and the genomic DNA from V. cholerae N16961 (as control), with or without S1 nuclease treatment. Lane 1, GCDV 10-1 without S1 nuclease treatment; lane 2, GCDV 10-1 with S1 nuclease treatment; lane 3, V. cholerae N16961 without S1 nuclease treatment; lane 4, V. cholerae N16961 with S1 nuclease; lane 5, V. cholerae N16961 single-stranded DNA prepared by rapid cooling after heat denaturation with S1 nuclease; lane 6, V. cholerae N16961 (positive control); lane M, 100 bp ladder size marker; lane P, PCR-negative control.