Epidemiology and Changes in Patient-Related Factors from 1997 to 2009 in Clinical Yeast Isolates Related to Dermatology, Gynaecology, and Paediatrics
Table 2
Isolation rates (number/%) of DGP-associated yeast species in relation to their origin (clinical speciality and specimen), which have been recovered during the multicenter studies from 1998 to 2008.
Isolate origin
Frequency (total = 1,862)
Dermatology, gynaecology, and paediatrics-associated clinical yeast species, isolated during the multicentre studies from 1998 to 2008
Candida albicans
Candida dubliniensis
Candida glabrata
Candida inconspicua
Candida parapsilosis
Candida tropicalis
Other Candida spp.
Clavispora lusitaniae
Debaromyces hansenii
Geotrichum candidum
Issatchenkia orientalis
Kluyveromyces marxianus
Magnusiomyces capitatus
Meyerozyma guilliermondii
Pichia spp.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Trichomonascus ciferrii
Yarrowia lipolytica
Cryptococcus neoformans
Trichosporon spp.
(%)
840
15
266
5
121
133
43*
28
4
2
118
25
6
33
7
41
2
4
7
4
(45.1)
(0.8)
(14.3)
(0.3)
(6.5)
(7.1)
(2.3)
(1.5)
(0.2)
(0.1)
(6.3)
(1.3)
(0.3)
(1.8)
(0.4)
(2.2)
(0.1)
(0.2)
(0.4)
(0.2)
Paediatrics
767 (41.2)
358 (47)
10 (1)
108 (14)
1 (0.1)
46 (6)
91 (12)
39 (5)
15 (2)
1 (0.1)
0
58 (8)
13 (2)
4 (0.5)
6 (0.8)
5 (0.7)
3 (0.4)
0
1 (0.1)
4 (0.5)
4 (0.5)
Gynaecology
578 (31.0)
321 (56)
0
99 (17)
4 (0.7)
12 (2)
18 (3)
32 (6)*
7 (1)
1 (0.2)
2 (0.4)
37 (6)
8 (1)
0
0
0
35 (6)
0
2 (0.4)
0
0
Dermatology
372 (20.0)
83 (22)
5 (1)
33 (9)
0
58 (16)
7 (2)
3 (0.8)
2 (0.5)
0
12 (3)
3 (0.8)
2 (0.5)
26 (7)
2 (0.5)
1 (0.3)
2 (0.5)
1 (0.3)
3 (1)
0
ICU Paediatrics
127 (6.8)
70 (55)
0
21 (17)
0
4 (3)
15 (12)
1 (0.8)
1 (0.8)
0
0
11 (9)
1 (0.8)
0
1 (0.8)
0
2 (2)
0
0
0
0
ICU Gynaecology
13 (0.7)
5 (38)
0
5 (38)
0
1 (8)
1 (8)
0
1 (8)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ICU Dermatology
5 (0.3)
3 (60)
0
0
0
0
1 (20)
0
1 (20)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sterile fluid
204 (11.0)
109 (53)
2 (1)
28 (14)
0
13 (6)
24 (12)
1 (0.5)
7 (3)
0
0
9 (4)
3 (2)
1 (0.5)
0
0
2 (1)
0
0
5 (3)
0
Blood culture
138 (7)
66 (48)
1 (0.7)
29 (21)
0
13 (9)
13 (9)
0
1 (0.7)
1 (0.7)
0
10 (7)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Catheter
31 (1.7)
22 (71)
0
2 (7)
0
5 (16)
1 (3)
0
0
0
0
1 (3)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Aspirate
19 (1.0)
9 (47)
0
1 (5)
0
0
3 (16)
3 (16)
0
0
0
0
2 (11)
0
0
0
1 (1)
0
0
5 (1)
0
Device
4 (0.2)
2 (50)
0
1 (25)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 (25)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Material, dermatologic
228 (12.2)
30 (13)
0
0
0
35 (16)
0
0
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
0
15 (11)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Material, gynaecologic
146 (7.8)
88 (61)
0
37 (26)
1 (1)
5 (4)
6 (4)
0
0
0
0
3 (2)
0
0
0
0
4 (3)
0
1 (1)
0
0
Material, solid
111 (6.0)
45 (40)
0
9 (8)
0
9 (8)
6 (6)
1 (1)
0
0
0
3 (3)
0
0
3 (3)
1 (1)
3 (3)
0
0
1 (1)
0
Urine
21 (1.1)
9 (43)
0
3 (14)
0
1 (5)
0
0
1 (5)
0
0
3 (14)
4 (19)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Stool
20 (1.1)
13 (65)
0
6 (30)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 (5)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Swabs, paediatric
460 (24.7)
214 (47)
7 (2)
66 (14)
0
11 (2)
68 (15)
5 (1)
7 (2)
0
0
55 (12)
6 (1)
3 (1)
4 (1)
5 (1)
3 (1)
0
1 (0.2)
0
4 (1)
Swabs, gynaecologic
364 (19.6)
189 (52)
0
55 (15)
3 (1)
7 (2)
6 (2)
1 (0.3)
8 (2)
0
2 (1)
26 (7)
7 (2)
0
0
0
27 (7)
0
1 (0.3)
0
0
Swabs, dermatologic
116 (6.2)
44 (38)
5 (4)
21 (18)
0
22 (19)
6 (5)
2 (2)
4 (3)
0
0
7 (6)
0
2 (2)
1 (1)
1 (1)
1 (1)
0
1 (1)
0
0
Other Candida spp.: C. maritima, C. membranifaciens, C. sake, and Candida africana; Pichiaspp.: P. cactophila, P. fermentans, and P. norvegensis; Trichosporon spp.: T. asahii and T. mucoides. Aspirate: bursa, limbic, pericardial, transtracheal, pus, and pleura. Catheter: indwelling, urine, vascular, venereal, ports, and anaesthetic tube. Sterile fluid: sterile body fluids, liquor, bile, dialysates, drainage, BAL, tracheal secrets, pleura, lachrymal, synovial, and serum, except blood and urine. Solid (sterile) material: tissues/lung tissue, bone-marrow, throat discharge/sputum, abscess, spleen, bone, liver, stomach, and ear. Device: contact lenses, heart valves, stents, pacemakers, and artificial joints. Dermatological material: skin, nails, hairs, dandruff, and scales. Gynaecological material: scrapings, genital-, prostate secrets, and ejaculate. Urine: mid-stream, punctuate, and catheter.
