Candida glabrata Esophagitis: Are We Seeing the Emergence of a New Azole-Resistant Pathogen?

Table 1

Factors associated with Candida species esophagitis.

Factor	C. glabrata; ( = 9)	C. albicans; ( = 27)	C. tropicalis; ( = 1)
Demographics
Age (range, mean)	29–87, 63.3	23–99, 67.1	84
Males	4 (44%)	13 (50%)	1 (100%)
Females	5 (56%)	14 (54%)	0 (0%)
Inpatient	7 (78%)	14 (50%)	1 (100%)
Outpatient	2 (22%)	11 (42%)	0 (0%)
Nursing home resident	1 (11%)	2 (8%)	0 (0%)
Comorbid conditions
HIV	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Active cancer	2 (22%)	8 (31%)	0 (0%)
Diabetes	6 (67%)	9 (35%)	0 (0%)
Hypothyroidism	2 (22%)	2 (8%)	0 (0%)
Chronic kidney disease (on hemodialysis)	1 (11%)	1 (4%)	0 (0%)
Cirrhosis	1 (11%)	2 (8%)	0 (0%)
Motility disorder of the esophagus	0 (0%)	3 (12%)	0 (0%)
Splenectomy	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Medical therapy
PPI therapy	6 (67%)	16 (58%)	0 (0%)
Immunosuppressive therapy	3 (33%)	7 (27%)	0 (0%)
Antibiotics (last 30 days)	4 (44%)	9 (35%)	1 (100%)
Indwelling catheter	2 (22%)	1 (4%)	0 (0%)
Azole exposure (last year)	1 (11%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Social factors
Current smoker	3 (33%)	7 (27%)	0 (0%)
EtOH use (>7/week)	2 (22%)	5 (19%)	0 (0%)

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; EtOH: alcohol; PPI: proton-pump inhibitor.