Antibiofilm Activity, Compound Characterization, and Acute Toxicity of Extract from a Novel Bacterial Species of Paenibacillus

Table 1

Antibiofilm activity of potential compounds of 139SI against Gram-negative clinical isolates.

Experimental treatment	Haemophilus influenzae	Haemophilus parainfluenzae	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Citrobacter sp.	Biofilm-forming strain P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)	Nonbiofilm-forming strain E. coli; (ATCC 25922)
	OD ± SD	OD ± SD	OD ± SD	OD ± SD	OD ± SD	OD ± SD	OD ± SD
With compound FR4	0.235±0.005	0.245±0.004	0.266±0.004	0.194±0.003	0.175±0.004	0.225±0.004	0.164±0.004
Without compound	0.311±0.002	0.459±0.015	0.369±0.056	0.439±0.052	0.235±0.015	0.539±0.052	0.244±0.113
With compound FR5*	0.192±0.007	0.228±0.009	0.245±0.004	0.177±0.005	0.165±0.002	0.204±0.003	0.147±0.003
Without compound	0.584±0.002	0.355±0.038	0.244±0.006	0.254±0.003	0.391±0.003	0.309±0.114	0.202±0.099
With compound FR13	0.255±0.003	0.206±0.004	0.257±0.005	0.215±0.004	0.182±0.002	0.245±0.003	0.155±0.004
Without compound	0.304±0.003	0.284±0.006	0.355±0.003	0.254±0.003	0.277±0.001	0.539±0.052	0.211±0.002
With 2(5H)-furanone (+ve control)	0.120±0.004	0.092±0.004	0.106±0.004	0.116±0.004	0.119±0.002	0.124±0.003	0.105±0.004
Without compound	0.262±0.003	0.487±0.003	0.486±0.004	0.559±0.015	0.564±0.002	0.377±0.122	0.216±0.005
With BHI broth (−ve control)	0.057±0.038	0.050±0.006	0.021±0.002	0.069±0.020	0.095±0.012	0.084±0.006	0.084±0.006
Without compound	0.276±0.004	0.369±0.056	0.257±0.024	0.363±0.079	0.316±0.056	0.304±0.003	0.163±0.001

OD >0.24 is positive biofilm former isolate.
OD >0.12–<0.24 is weak biofilm former isolate.
OD <0.12 is negative biofilm former isolate.
∗represents the most active compound.