Antimicrobial Activities of a Plethora of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Hydrolates against Human Pathogens and Their Potential to Reverse Antibiotic Resistance

Table 3

Antimicrobial activity of extracts E01–E14:the hole-plate diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of crude extracts by measuring the diameter zones of inhibition in mm. The absolute values of the diameter of zones inhibition (DZI) varied from 0 to 25 mm.

Code	C. albicans	S. saprophyticus	S. epidermidis	S. typhi	S. aureus	K. pneumonia	E. coli
E01	9	—	—	4	—	—	19
E02	5	7	5	4	7	4	9
E03	6	11	1	4	1	—	25
E04	4	4	2	1	3	—	14
E05	8	8	11	9	8	9	7
E06	14	14	13	9	12	9	9
E07	4	1	—	—	—	—	14
E08	4	9	1	9	6	5	11
E09	3	3	3	2	1	4	4
E10	4	—	—	—	—	—	16
E11	—	1	—	—	—	—	9
E12	9	12	—	—	—	—	12
E13	—	5	4	5	—	1	9
E14	—	1	—	—	—	—	12
+ctl	17	17	14	12	17	25	25
−ctl	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Values are mean standard deviation of duplicate assays (±1). — = zero zone of inhibition observed. +Ctl = positive control (gentamycin for bacteria and nystatin for C. albicans); −Ctl = negative control (50% v/v DMSO).