Antimicrobial Activities of a Plethora of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Hydrolates against Human Pathogens and Their Potential to Reverse Antibiotic Resistance

Table 5

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) of liquid extracts and hydrolates (parts per million, ppm).

Code	Tricophyton rubrum		Candida albicans		Staphylococcus saprophyticus		S. aureus		S. epidermidis		E. coli		Klebsiella pneumoniae		Salmonella typhi
	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC	MIC	MBC
E15	4	3	4	3	7	6	4	3	3	2	7	6	1	—	5	4
E16	—		4	3	2	1	2	1	3	2	—	—	—	—	1	—
E17	5	4	4	3	6	5	6	5	3	2	7	6	4	3	3	2
E18	—		—		2	1	—	—	—	—	3	2	—	—	—	—
E19	—		—		1	—	—	—	—	—	3	2	—	—	4	3
E20	5	4	4	3	6	5	2	1	3	2	5	4	1	—	—	—
E21	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E22	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E23	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E24	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E25	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E26	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E27	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
E28	2	1	6	5	2	1	2	1	1	—	3	2	1	—	5	4
E29	3	3	2	1	6	5	3	2	2	1	7	6	4	3	5	4
E30	7	7	4	3	11	10	5	4	4	3	10	9	4	3	4	3

1 = 333333 ppm, 2 = 111111 ppm, 3 = 37037 ppm, 4 = 12346 ppm, 5 = 4115 ppm, 6 = 1372 ppm, 7 = 457 ppm, 8 = 152 ppm, 9 = 51 ppm, 10 = 17 ppm, and 11 = 6 ppm; — = no result. MICs and MBCs are given to the nearest whole number.