Research Article
Antistaphylococcal and Antibiotic Resistance Modulatory Activities of Thirteen Cameroonian Edible Plants against Resistant Phenotypes
Table 4
MIC and MBC of the plant extracts and ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus strains.
| | Bacterial strainsa | Samplesb, MIC and MBC in μg/mL (in parentheses) | | Plant extracts | Antibiotic | | AIB | CGL | CMB | DES | DEB | DEL | HEL | IBL | IGB | PVL | RHB | RHL | SML | SOL | TCB | TCL | UGL | UGB | CIP |
| | ATCC 25923 | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | – | <0.5 (16) | | SA01 | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | – | – | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | <0.5 (4) | | SA07 | 1024 (–) | – | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | 512 (–) | – | <0.5 (1) | | SA18 | 512 (1024) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | <0.5 (8) | | SA23 | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | <0.5 (<0.5) | | SA36 | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 256 (1024) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1 (8) | | SA39 | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | <0.5 (16) | | SA56 | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | 1024 (–) | <0.5 (4) | | SA64 | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 4 (8) | | SA68 | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | <0.5 (<0.5) | | SA88 | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (1024) | – | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | <0.5 (2) | | SA114 | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | <0.5 (<0.5) | | SA116 | – | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | 512 (–) | – | <0.5 (<0.5) | | SA124 | – | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | 512 (–) | – | – | <0.5 (<0.5) | | SA126 | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | <0.5 (<0.5) | | SA127 | 512 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (1024) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | – | – | <0.5 (<0.5) | | SA135 | 1024 (–) | – | – | 512 (1024) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | – | – | – | <0.5 (1) | | SA139 | 512 (–) | – | – | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | <0.5 (<0.5) | | MSSA1 | 512 (–) | – | 256 (512) | 512 (1024) | 1024 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (1024) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 256 (1024) | 512 (1024) | – | 1024 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (1024) | 128 (1024) | 2 (16) | | MRSA3 | 512 (1024) | 1024 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (1024) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 256 (–) | 256 (–) | 256 (–) | 128 (–) | 2 (16) | | MRSA4 | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 64 (512) | 512 (512) | 512 (1024) | 256 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 128 (–) | 128 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 256 (–) | 1 (16) | | MRSA6 | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 128 | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | – | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 256 (–) | 256 (–) | – | – | 128 (–) | 256 (–) | 256 (–) | 128 (–) | 2 (8) | | MRSA8 | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 128 (1024) | 256 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | 512 (1024) | – | – | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 512 (–) | 128 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 128 (–) | 2 (8) | | MRSA9 | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 128 | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | 128 (–) | 512 (–) | 128 (–) | 64 (–) | 2 (16) | | MRSA11 | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 256 | 512 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 1024 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | – | – | 128 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 128 (–) | 2 (16) | | MRSA12 | 512 (–) | 1024 (–) | 128 | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | – | – | 1024 (–) | 256 (–) | 512 (–) | – | 1024 (–) | 128 (–) | 512 (–) | 256 (–) | 128 (–) | 2 (4) |
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aBacterial strain (SA: Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), bsamples (AIB: Azadirachta indica bark, CGL: Citrus grandis, CMB: Cucurbita maxima beans, DES: Dacryodes edulis seeds, DEB: Dacryodes edulis bark, DEL: Dacryodes edulis leaves, HEL: Hibiscus esculentus leaves, IBL: Ipomoea batatas leaves, IGB: Irvingia gabonensis beans, PVL: Phaseolus vulgaris leaves, RHL: Ricinodendron heudelotii leaves, RHB: Ricinodendron heudelotii bark, SML: Spondias mombin leaves, SOL: Saccharum officinarum leaves, TCB: Theobroma cacao beans, TCL: Theobroma cacao leaves, UGL: Uapaca guineensis leaves, UGB: Uapaca guineensis bark, and CIP: ciprofloxacin); R: MBC/MIC; (–): >1024(MIC); nc, not calculated; MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimal bactericidal concentration; CIP: ciprofloxacin; –: MIC and MBC at up to 1024 μg/mL; MIC in bold: significant activity [ 37, 60]. |
