Antimicrobial Effects of Egyptian Local Chicory, Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum

Table 2

Antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts of Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum leaves.

Solvent extract	Concentration (mg/ml)	Zone of inhibition (mm)
		Gram-positive bacteria		Gram-negative bacteria		Fungi
		S. aureus^A	B. cereus^A	S. typhimurium^B	E. coli^C	C. albicans^C	A. niger^C
Methanol^a	1.25	4.8 ± 1.6	3.9 ± 1.4	ND	ND	ND	ND
	2.5	8.9 ± 1.4	8.2 ± 1.7	4.6 ± 1.7	ND	ND	ND
	5	13.2 ± 1.9	14.1 ± 1.8	9.3 ± 1.5	4.1 ± 1.6	5.3 ± 1.9	ND
Chloroform^b	1.25	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	2.5	5.1 ± 1.6	4.8 ± 1.7	ND	ND	ND	ND
	5	9.2 ± 1.9	8.9 ± 1.4	ND	ND	ND	ND
Water^b	1.25	ND	3.4 ± 1.4	ND	ND	ND	ND
	2.5	4.9 ± 1.8	5.7 ± 1.8	ND	ND	ND	ND
	5	8.6 ± 1.6	10.2 ± 1.7	4.2 ± 1.5	ND	ND	ND
Chloramphenicol		20 ± 0.5	21 ± 0.4	24 ± 0.5	25 ± 0.6
Nystatin						24 ± 0.7	24 ± 0.6

Values represent the mean ± standard error (SE) of 3 replicates per treatment. Variable groups that are not represented by the same letters are significantly different (). Nystatin (50 µg/ml) and chloramphenicol (50 µg/ml) served as positive controls for fungi and bacteria, respectively. ND: not detected.