Antimicrobial Effects of Egyptian Local Chicory, Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum

Table 3

Antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts of Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum roots.

Solvent extract	Concentration (mg/ml)	Zone of inhibition (mm)
		Gram-positive bacteria		Gram-negative bacteria		Fungi
		S. aureus^A	B. cereus^A	S. typhimurium^B	E. coli^CD	C. albicans^C	A. niger^D
Methanol^a	1.25	5.1 ± 1.4	4.2 ± 1.2	ND	ND	ND	ND
	2.5	9.3 ± 1.7	7.9 ± 1.3	5.4 ± 1.6	ND	3.4 ± 1.3	ND
	5	14.5 ± 1.6	12.6 ± 1.8	9.1 ± 1.9	4.6 ± 1.5	7.6 ± 2.1	ND
Chloroform^b	1.25	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	2.5	4.9 ± 1.5	5.3 ± 1.8	ND	ND	ND	ND
	5	9.8 ± 1.7	9.1 ± 1.5	5.3 ± 1.2	ND	ND	ND
Water^b	1.25	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	2.5	4.5 ± 1.4	5.1 ± 1.8	ND	ND	ND	ND
	5	9.2 ± 1.3	8.8 ± 1.4	3.6 ± 1.6	ND	ND	ND
Chloramphenicol		20 ± 0.5	21 ± 0.4	24 ± 0.5	25 ± 0.6
Nystatin						24 ± 0.7	24 ± 0.6

Values represent the mean ± standard error (SE) of 3 replicates per treatment. Variable groups that are not represented by the same letters are significantly different (). Nystatin (50 µg/ml) and chloramphenicol (50 µg/ml) served as positive controls for fungi and bacteria, respectively. ND: not detected.