Risk Factors for Vaginal Colonization and Relationship between Bacterial Vaginal Colonization and In-Hospital Outcomes in Women with Obstructed Labor in a Ugandan Regional Referral Hospital
Table 1
Demographic characteristics and obstetric risk factors of obstructed labor participants, comparing women vaginally colonized with a potential pathogen to those not colonized.
Characteristic ()
Colonized, (63%)
Not colonized, (37%)
P value
Age (years)
0.97
≤19
34 (21)
19 (21)
20–34
117 (75)
68 (75)
>34
6 (4)
4 (4)
Residence in Mbarara municipality
37 (24)
20 (24)
0.95
Married
143 (91)
88 (97)
0.09
No formal employment
46 (29)
28 (31)
0.81
HIV-infected
10 (6)
9 (9)
0.36
Median household monthly income in UGx (USD)
150,000 (42)
100,000 (28)
0.10
Referred to MRRH from another health facility
62 (40)
33 (36)
0.57
Attended ≥4 ANC visits
107 (70)
65 (72)
0.50
Received malaria prophylaxis during pregnancy (or TMP/SMX prophylaxis if HIV-infected)
151 (96)
88 (97)
0.83
Reported syphilis or sexually transmitted infection during pregnancy
0 (0)
2 (2)
Primiparous
94 (60)
50 (55)
Gestational age at delivery
0.13
Preterm (<37 weeks)
6 (4)
7 (8)
Term (37–42 weeks)
125 (85)
74 (87)
Postterm (>42 weeks)
16 (11)
4 (5)
Reported ≥5 vaginal exams during labor
11 (13)
22 (15)
0.67
Estimated duration of labor in hours, median (IQR)
24 (12–43)
13 (11–24)
0.03
Presurgical antibiotic prophylaxis prescribed
135 (87)
80 (88)
0.76
UGx: Uganda shilling; USD: United States dollar; MRRH: Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital; ANC: antenatal care; TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; IQR: interquartile range.
