Encapsulation of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Strain G4 within Bovine Gelatin-Genipin-Sodium Alginate Combinations: Optimisation Approach Using Face Central Composition Design-Response Surface Methodology (FCCD-RSM)

Table 4

ANOVA and regression analysis for the responses of bead strength before (y₁) and after SGF (y₂)/SIF exposure (y₃) as well as encapsulation yield (y₄).

Source	Sum of squares	DF^1	Mean square	F value	value
y12368.9 1129.27x1 154.09x2 1003.4x3 989.7 934.9x1x3
Model	3.5E + 007	5	6.938E + 006	70.7	<0.0001^a
Residual	1.3E + 006	13	98088.27
Lack of fit	1.1E + 006	9	1.255E + 005	3.5	0.1226
Pure error	1.5E + 005	4	36366.13
Factor^b/intercept
x1	1.3E + 007	1	1.275E + 007	130.1	<0.0001
x2	2.4E + 005	1	2.374E + 005	2.4	0.0438
x3	1.0E + 007	1	1.007E + 007	102.6	<0.0001
	4.6E + 006	1	4.639E + 006	47.3	<0.0001
x1x3	6.9E + 002	1	6.993E + 002	71.2	<0.0001
R^2 = 96.45%, adequate precision = 25.99
y24336.6 1865.8x1 26.8x2 1719.5x3 1995.7 1560.6x1x3
Model	1.0E + 008	5	2.055E + 007	52.8	<0.0001^a
Residual	5.1E + 008	13	3.893E + 005
Lack of fit	4.6E + 006	9	5.086E + 005	4.2	0.0898
Pure error	4.8E + 005	4	1.207E + 005
Factor^b/intercept
x1	3.5E + 007	1	3.5E + 007	89.4	<0.0001
x2	6852.4	1	6852.4	1.0	0.0165
x3	2.9E + 007	1	2.9E + 007	75.9	<0.0001
	1.9E + 007	1	1.9E + 007	48.5	<0.0001
x1x3	1.9E + 007	1	1.9E + 007	50.1	<0.0001
R^2 = 95.31%. Adequate precision = 20.6
y3359.9 79.9x 44.1 55.3x3 212.0 62.9 29.7x2x3
Model	2.8E + 005	6	46605.7	30.7	<0.0001^a
Residual	1444.0	12	1203.5
Lack of fit	9346.4	8	1168.3	0.9	0.5770
Pure error	5095.7	4	1273.9
Factor^b/intercept
x1	63854.5	1	63854.5	53.1	<0.0001
x2	19458.7	1	19458.7	16.2	0.0017
x3	30629.6	1	30629.6	25.2	0.0003
	1.4E + 005	1	1.4E + 005	25.5	<0.0001
	12503.9	1	12503.9	117.9	0.0073
x2x3	7065.0	1	7065.0	5.9	0.0321
R^2 = 95.09%, adequate precision = 19.27
y460.3 7.7x1 0.2x2 3.8x3 11.7
Model	1371.9	4	343.0	28.1	<0.0001
Residual	170.8	14	12.2
Lack of fit	155.9	10	15.8	4.0	0.0959
Pure error	15.4	4	3.86
Factor^b/intercept
x1	584.9	1	584.9	47.9	<0.0001
x2	0.5	1	0.5	0.1	0.8340
x3	141.3	1	141.3	11.6	0.0043
	645.2	1	645.2	52.8	<0.0001
R^2 = 88.93%, adequate precision = 15.11

^aSignificant at α = 0.05. ¹DF, degree of freedom; x₁, bovine gelatin (% w/v); x₂, genipin (mM); x₃, sodium alginate (% w/v).