Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Infections after Cytoreduction Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: An Observational Single-Centre Study
Table 1
Characteristics of 38 patients who underwent hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) operation.
Variables
Complicated with infection
Not complicated with infection
value
N = 23
N = 15
Preoperative variables
Age (year)
50.3 ± 12
54.5 ± 16
0.184
Gender (male/female)
(8/7)
(7/16)
0.142
BMI
27.7 ± 5.7
25.8 ± 5.4
0.369
Preoperative hospital stay (days)
10.4 ± 11.7
2739 ± 10586
0.872
Hypertension
3
2
0.469
Diabetes mellitus
6
3
0.455
Renal disease
2
1
0.644
Liver disease
2
0
0.345
Lymph node involvement
10
3
0.05
Organ metastasis
15
7
0.13
KRAS mutation
6
0
0.33
Preoperative laboratory variables
CK (U/L)
376.7 ± 440.4
440.9 ± 345
0.658
CK-MB (U/L)
21.7 ± 18.4
19.55 ± 114.9
0.289
Troponin (U/L)
0.037 ± 0.048
0.062 ± 0.14
0.71
White blood cells 109/L
7.3 ± 2.2
6.7 ± 3.2
0.49
Red blood corpuscles ×1012/L
4.5 ± 1.3
4.6 ± 0.6
0.853
Haemoglobin (g/dL)
10.9 ± 1.4
11.7 ± 1.9
0.378
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
19.5 ± 2
7.9 ± 9.3
0.198
Serum electrolytes level
Sodium (mmol/L)
135.2 ± 3.3
136 ± 2.6
0.567
Potassium (mmol/L)
3.9 ± 0.5
4.3 ± 0.3
0.263
Calcium (mg/dL)
8.6 ± 0.6
8.7 ± 0.5
0.161
Phosphorus (mg/dL)
3.5 ± 1
3.5 ± 1
0.237
Magnesium (mg/dL)
1.9 ± 0.3
1.6 ± 0.5
0.227
Chloride (mmol/L)
100.5 ± 4
102.3 ± 2.2
0.952
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (U/L)
72.5 ± 73
74.7 ± 122.9
0.614
Uric acid (mg/dL)
3.9 ± 1.8
4 ± 1
0.165
Liver function markers
Alanine transaminase (IU/L)
37.1 ± 24.9
48.6 ± 39.5
0.578
Aspartate transaminase (IU/L)
28 ± 27.9
33.5 ± 34.9
0.789
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
146.7 ± 119.6
108 ± 53.7
0.785
Amylase (U/L)
61.9 ± 53.6
69.8 ± 30.3
0.065
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.53 ± 0.49
0.34 ± 0.41
0.606
Conjugated bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.15 ± 0.23
0.1 ± 0.1
0.632
Albumin (gm/dL)
3 ± 0.5
3.3 ± 0.42
0.699
A/G ratio
1.2 ± 0.56
1.2 ± 0.54
0.531
Total protein (gm/dL)
6.1 ± 1.3
6.53 ± 1.5
0.465
Tumour markers
Alpha feto protein (Ng/mL)
2.1 ± 1.3
2.9 ± 1.5
0.207
CA 125 U/mL
57.5 ± 92.2
40.1 ± 78
0.661
CA 15-3 U/mL
19.4 ± 9.5
16.4 ± 8.6
0.546
CA 19.9 U/mL
42.1 ± 30
20.7 ± 13.7
0.045
CEA ng/dL
32.7 ± 61.1
53.5 ± 152.2
0.64
Coagulation factors
INR
1.1 ± 0.2
1.1 ± 0.2
0.441
Platelet count ×109/L
327 ± 151
234 ± 144
0.433
Prothrombin time (sec.)
34.4 ± 8.7
34.4 ± 8.7
0.08
Fibrinogen (g/L)
2.6 ± 1.6
1.3 ± 0.14
0.208
Renal function markers
Blood urea nitrogen
10.2 ± 4.7
12.2 ± 3.7
0.02
Creatinine (mg/dl)
0.7 ± 0.2
0.8 ± 0.23
0.15
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)
26 ± 3.2
26.3 ± 4.4
0.329
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)
207.7 ± 99.2
177.4 ± 83
0.05
Lipase (U/L)
162.7 ± 70.1
150.2 ± 57.6
0.658
Cholesterol (mg/dL)
72.9 ± 42.5
104.8 ± 56.6
0.813
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
38.7 ± 27.6
70.1 ± 46.5
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
19.4 ± 11
21.5 ± 16.7
0.347
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
88.8 ± 55.4
86.4 ± 42.5
0.252
Random glucose (mg/dL)
150.7 ± 70.7
158.9 ± 82.7
0.755
Glycosylated haemoglobin
7.6 ± 2.2
8.2 ± 1.8
0.918
Iron panel
Iron (μmol/l)
20.5 ± 15.8
91.3 ± 92
0.047
Total iron-binding capacity (μg/dL)
236 ± 150
346 ± 90
0.281
Ferritin (μg/L)
192.8 ± 178.5
116.2 ± 136.5
0.615
Transferrin (μg/L)
11.8 ± 8.9
30.5 ± 19
0.07
Operative variables
Surgical time (hour)
651 ± 218
576 ± 173
0.296
Colloids transfusion (mL)
1528 ± 899
1250 ± 621
0.911
Packed red blood cells (unit)
3.3 ± 2.6
4.5 ± 4
0.187
Fresh frozen plasma (unit)
4.2 ± 3
4.3 ± 1.9
0.271
Fluid (25% albumin) transfusion (mL)
83.3 ± 28.9
50 ± 7
0.271
Plasma protein (mL)
906 ± 670
775 ± 448
0.288
Platelets (unit)
4.3 ± 1.6
4.8 ± 1.5
0.085
Blood loss (mL)
2177 ± 1313
1558 ± 1064
0.829
Postoperative variables
Length of ICU stay days
12.8 ± 34.3
5.1 ± 2.4
0.924
Readmission number
3.5 ± 4
2.1 ± 2.8
0.988
BMI, body mass index; CK, creatine kinase; INR, international normalized ratio; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ICU, intensive care unit.
