In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Piper retrofractum Fruit Extracts against Microbial Pathogens Causing Infections in Human and Animals

Table 2

Inhibition zone of crude extract from P. retrofractum by agar disk diffusion assay.

Microorganism	Inhibition zone of crude extract from organic solvent (mm)
	Hex; 51.84; µg	Iso; 45.68; µg	Dic; 51.20; µg	Ace; 45.84; µg	Met; 57.44; µg	Amp; 2.00; µg	DM; 10; µl
E. coli	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	2.00	5.00	ni
B. subtilis	ni	ni	ni	1.00	0.50	13.00	ni
E. faecalis	ni	3.50	1.50	1.25	3.50	48.00	ni
K. pneumonia	ni	ni	ni	1.00	ni	7.00	ni
P. aeruginosa	ni	ni	ni	ni	4.00	18.00	ni
S. typhi	ni	0.50	0.00	0.50	2.00	44.00	ni
S. aureus	1.00	4.00	2.00	ni	6.00	54.00	ni
V. parahaemolyticus XN89	0.50	ni	1.00	1.00	3.00	34.00	ni
V. paraparahaemolyticus 5HP	0.00	ni	ni	1.00	0.50	37.00	ni
C. albicans	1.25	1.00	ni	1.00	8.00	53.00	ni

Hex = hexane, Iso = isopropanol, Dic = dichloromethane, Ace = acetonitrile, Met = methanol, Amp = ampicillin, and DM = DMSO; ni = no inhibition.