An Overview of the Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases

Table 1

Molecular tests for detection of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile.

Assay		Manufacturer	Devise/analyzer	Targets/methodology
AmpliVue^®C. difficile	FDA/CE	Quidel Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA	Hand-held Disposable cassette	tcdA, isothermal helicase-dependent
Illumigene^™ (Alethia) C. difficile	FDA/CE	Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH, USA	Incubator/reader	tcdA, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
ProGastro^™ Cd test	FDA/CE	Hologic, San Diego, CA, USA	SmartCycler	tcdB, real-time PCR
Lyra^®C. difficile	FDA/CE	Quidel, San Diego, CA, USA	SmartCycler, ABI 7500, QuantStudio	tcdA and tcdB, real-time PCR
Simplexa^™C. difficile	FDA/CE	Focus Dx, Cypress, CA, USA	3M Integrated Cycler	tcdB, real-time PCR
BD Max^™C. difficile	FDA/CE	Becton Dickinson & Co., Sparks, MD, USA	BD Max System	tcdB, real-time PCR
Cobas^® Liat Cdiff	FDA/CE	Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA	Cobas Liat System	tcdB, real-time PCR
GenePOC^™ CDiff assay	FDA/CE	Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH, USA	Revogene integrated analyzer	tcdB, real-time PCR
ARIES^®C. difficile	FDA/CE	Luminex, Austin, TX, USA	ARIES system	tcdA, tcdB, real-time PCR
GeneXpert^®C. difficile/Epi	FDA/CE	Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA	GeneXpert system	tcdB, Δ117tcdC (BI/NAP1/027, real-time PCR
Verigene^®C. difficile	FDA/CE	Luminex, Austin, TX, USA	Verigene processor and reader	tcdA, tcdB, Δ117tcdC (BI/NAP1/027), multiplex PCR/nanoparticle array hybridization
Qiagen^® artus C. difficile QS-RGQ	FDA/CE	Qiagen, Hilden, Germany	QIAsymphony rotor-gene Q instruments	tcdA, tcdB, real-time PCR
EntericBio real-time^®C. difficile	CE-IVD	Serosep, Limerick, Ireland	ABI 7500, LightCycler 480	tcdB, real-time PCR