Ethanol Production from Oil Palm Trunk: A Combined Strategy Using an Effective Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification and Cofermentation

Figure 1

SEM images of untreated raw materials (a); pretreated raw materials with NaOH 5%, 150°C for 3 hour (b); pretreated raw materials with microwave-alkali (NaOH 5% w/v, 121°C for 15 minutes) (c); pretreated raw materials with H₂O₂ 5%; pH 11.5; 121°C for 15 min (d).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)