Coexistence of Virulence Factors and Efflux Pump Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Analysis of Biofilm-Forming Strains from Iran

Table 2

The biofilm-forming capacity of P. aeruginosa and percentages of their efflux pump genes related to antibiotics.

Biofilm	Efflux pump genes							IMI	MER	GEN	CIP	ATM	CPE	CAZ	C	AMK	TMP/SMX	MDR	XDR
	RND types			MFS types			SMR types
	MexA	mexB	oprM	oprD	tetA	tetR	emrE
Strong (n = 19, 33.72%)	12	19	17	19	11	8	7	11	9	19	16	7	6	9	1	16	7	14	9
Moderate (n = 29, 33.72%)	19	7	28	29	3	11	11	6	2	22	28	7	15	0	0	5	12	7	1
Weak (n = 3, 3.48%)	9	4	3	3	8	0	3	2	4	4	9	2	9	1	0	8	0	1	1
Clinical isolates
Wound (n = 21, 24.41%)	15	19	18	20	9	4	10	6	5	13	19	6	14	4	1	3	5	11	4
Urine (n = 15, 17.44%)	9	11	14	12	11	14	7	2	1	14	15	1	1	2	0	9	5	5	2
Blood (n = 29, 33.72%)	12	3	24	27	2	1	3	11	9	21	24	10	17	6	0	17	8	6	5
Medical devices (n = 11, 12.79%)	8	1	3	4	0	0	2	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Gender
Male (n = 19, 22.09%)	19	11	19	13	11	7	6	7	13	17	19	10	8	4	1	17	6	13	5
Female (n = 67, 77.90%)	25	22	40	48	11	12	15	12	2	33	42	7	24	8	0	12	13	9	6
Hospital sections
Maternity unit (n = 6, 6.97%)	6	3	4	6	5	1	3	0	0	5	6	1	2	0	1	2	0	2	0
Pediatrics (n = 14, 16.27%)	3	1	11	11	2	3	1	1	2	3	10	2	4	0	0	2	0	1	0
Internal unit (n = 13, 15.11%)	6	1	5	9	3	1	1	1	1	1	7	1	3	1	0	1	2	1	1
Emergency (n = 17, 8.13%)	10	9	11	13	1	3	6	3	2	11	10	1	7	0	0	7	1	1	1
ICU (n = 15, 17.44%)	7	11	13	9	5	9	2	3	1	15	15	3	5	7	0	6	7	7	3
Burns unit (n = 14, 16.27%)	12	8	14	13	6	4	8	11	9	14	13	9	13	4	0	11	9	10	6
Neurosurgery (n = 7, 8.13%)	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

IMI: imipenem; MER: meropenem; GEN: gentamycin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; ATM: aztreonam; CPE: cefepime; C: colistin; AMK: amikacin; TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; ICU: Intensive Care Unit.