Production of Biosurfactants by Ascomycetes

Table 3

Types of biosurfactant extraction and characterization from filamentous fungi.

Fungi	Process/solvent used in the purification	Analytical method	Reference
Cladosporium resinae	Reverse-phase chromatography	High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)	[45]
Curvularia lunata	Acetone/lyophilized	Gas chromatography (GC)	[46]
Penicillium sp.	Cold acetone 4°C	HPLC	[48]
Aspergillus fumigatus	Distilled water 90°C and solvent	Emulsifying activity	[49]
Aspergillus sp. O-4	Phosphate buffer pH 7.0/0.2 M/distilled water at 90°C	Emulsifying activity and surface tension	[81]
Exophiala dermatitidis SK80	Ethyl acetate	Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)	[51]
Aspergillus sp. MSF1	Solvents	TLC, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and HPLC	[79]
Aspergillus niger	Acid precipitate HCl/chloroform and methanol	TLC	[52]
Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5	Ethanol −20 ºC	TLC and FT-IR	[82]
Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus flavus	Acid precipitation with 1 M of H2SO4 pH 2.0/chloroform and methanol	Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)	[78]
Aspergillus flavus	Ethyl acetate	Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS)	[83]
Pleurotus ostreatus	Chloroform:ethanol	FT-IR	[84]
Fusarium proliferatum	Acidification pH 2.0 HCl 6 N/solvent system	TLC-column chromatography, FT-IR, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR)	[58]
Pleurotus djamor	HCl pH 2.0 acidification	FT-IR	[85]
Pleurotus sajor-caju	Acidification by HCl 6 N pH 2.0/isopropanol	FT-IR	[86]
Ceriporia lacerate	Ethyl acetate	LC-MS and GC-MS	[87]
Fusarium oxysporum	Solvent chloroform:methanol	FT-IR, NMR-spectral studies, and GC	[88]
8CC2 Penicillium	Precipitation with ethanol	Stability studies	[42]
Fusarium fujikuroi	Acidification with 6 M HCl pH 4.0/solvent acetate:methanol (1 : 4)	Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR)	[59]
Xylaria regalis	Acidification pH 2.0 HCl (1 N)/ethyl acetate	High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)	[60]
Aspergillus terreus MUT 271 and Trichoderma harzianum MUT 290	Concentrated by air bubbling and by an Amicon Ultrafiltration cell<	Q-TOF LC/MS and circular dichroism spectroscopy	[65]