Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Their Combination against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Skin Ulcer
Table 3
Inhibition zone (mm) of combined essential oils against MDR bacteria isolated from wounds at KMU, 2020.
Essential oils, 50 μl/ml
μl/disc
Inhibition zone in diameter (mm), pathogen bacteria isolated from wounds
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
S. aureus
E. faecalis
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa
ATCC
MRSA
ATCC
VRE
ATCC
ESBL
ATCC
MDR
ATCC
ESBL
R. abyssinicus and C. pustulatus
20
29 ± 2.1
29 ± 1.3
31 ± 1.3
31 ± 0.6
23 ± 2.7
22 ± 1.7
33 ± 0.4
33 ± 0.1
26 ± 0.7
26 ± 0.9
10
19 ± 0.5
16 ± .2.1
20 ± 0.7
21 ± 1.4
17 ± 0.4
18 ± 1.0
22 ± 2.0
23 ± 1.9
18 ± 1.1
18 ± 1.4
5
13 ± 0.7
14 ± .0.5
10 ± 0.6
11 ± 0.6
10 ± 0.3
9 ± 1.4
15 ± 0.7
16 ± 2.4
11 ± 0.8
8 ± 0.4
C. pustulatus and D. penninervium
20
27 ± 1.0
25 ± 0.5
33 ± 0.1
32 ± 1.9
27 ± 1.4
28 ± 0.1₫
32 ± 0.1
32 ± 0.7
28 ± 0.7
29 ± 0.6
10
19 ± 0.9
17 ± .0.1
27 ± 1.5
27 ± 0.1
19 ± 0.4
19 ± 1.9
27 ± 1.3
26 ± 0.5
18 ± 2.4
17 ± 0.4
5
12 ± 0.3
11 ± .0.8
17 ± 0.4
13 ± 0.8
9 ± 0.3
10 ± 0.7
13 ± 0.5
14 ± 1.3
12 ± 0.1
11 ± 1.5
D. penninervium and R. abyssinicus
20
32 ± 1.1
32 ± 1.2
34 ± 0.4
31 ± 2.1
23 ± 1.3
22 ± 0.4
29 ± 0.3
29 ± 0.4
21 ± 0.3
19 ± 0.4
10
26 ± 2.5
26 ± 0.3
25 ± 0.6
24 ± 0.9
17 ± 1.7
16 ± 0.8
20 ± 0.6
20 ± 0.4
13 ± 0.4
14 ± 0.9
5
13 ± 2.1
14 ± .0.8
16 ± 0.4
17 ± 0.7
9 ± 1.7
8 ± 0.5
15 ± 0.2
16 ± 0.7
8 ± 1.8
8 ± 1.3
Combination of three (1 : 1 : 1 ratio)
20
34 ± 0.3
33 ± .1.5
37 ± 0.2
37 ± 1.7
22 ± 1.1
22 ± 1.6
35 ± 1.7
35 ± 0.2
26 ± 0.8
26 ± 0.4
10
26 ± 0.1
26 ± .1.1
24 ± 0.8
25 ± 0.9
15 ± 1.2
16 ± 0.1
25 ± 2.0
25 ± 1.4
17 ± 0.5
17 ± 0.2
5
17 ± 1.2
16 ± .0.9
18 ± 0.7
18 ± 0.8
9 ± 0.7
9 ± 0.4
16 ± 0.3
17 ± 0.9
12 ± 0.1
11 ± 1.9
Positive control
S
R
S
R
S
R
S
R
S
R
Negative control
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
Mean ± SD, whereas C = ciprofloxacin; NI = no inhibition zone; NT = not tested; ATCC = susceptible >21 mm IZ, resistant <16 mm IZ, where and when compared to cefoxitin treated MRSA, while and when compared to modern drug treated E. faecalis; and when compared to K. pneumoniae and when compared to modern drug treated P. aeruginosa, and ₫ when compared to modern drug treated E. coli.
