Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Their Combination against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Skin Ulcer
Table 4
MIC and MBC values of essential oils against human pathogenic bacteria in agar dilution method at KMU, 2020.
Essential oils extract
Concentration value
Concentration in μl/ml on human pathogen bacteria isolated from wounds
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
S. aureus
E. faecalis
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
P. aeruginosa
ATCC
MRSA
ATCC
VRE
ATCC
ESBL
ATCC
MDR
ATCC
ESBL
D. penninervium
MIC
16.0
16.0
8.0
8.0
16.0
16.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
8.0
MBC
16.0
32.0
8.0
16.0
32.0
32.0
2.0
4.0
2.0
8.0
R. abyssinicus
MIC
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
MBC
4.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
32.0
C. pustulatus
MIC
8.0
8.0
16.0
16.0
32.0
32.0
4.0
4.0
16.0
16.0
MBC
8.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
4.0
8.0
32.0
32.0
D. penninervium and C. pustulatus
MIC
4.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
16.0
16.0
1.0
1.0
16.0
16.0
MBC
4.0
8.0
1.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
32.0
16.0
C. pustulatus and R. abyssinicus
MIC
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
8.0
8.0
2.0
2.0
8.0
8.0
MBC
2.0
4.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
1.0
4.0
16.0
16.0
D. penninervium and R. abyssinicus
MIC
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
8.0
MBC
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
4.0
Combination of three (1 : 1 : 1 ratio)
MIC
0.5
1.0
0.25
0.25
2.0
2.0
0.5
1.0
2.0
2.0
MBC
1.0
1.0
0.25
0.25
1.0
2.0
0.25
0.5
2.0
4.0
Modern drug
ATCC = reference strain for each species; MDR = multidrug-resistant strains; MBC = minimal bactericidal concentration; MIC = minimal inhibitory concentration; NT = not tested; C = 5 μg ciprofloxacin +growth has been seen.
