Magnitude of Multidrug Resistance among Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in Two National Referral Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Table 4

Multidrug resistance patterns of Gram-negative isolates among patients in surgical wards at the Halibet and the Orotta National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea, 2017.

Resistant patterns of antibacterial agents tested	No. of agents	Klebsiellaspp., N (%)	Pseudomonas spp., N (%)	Acinetobacter spp., N (%)	Enterobacterspp., N (%)	Citrobacter spp., N (%)	Proteusspp., N (%)	Salmonella spp., N (%)	Escherichia coli, N (%)	Total no. (%)
C, CIP, SXT, GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	10	—	—	—	—	4 (26.7)	—	—	3 (30)	6 (10.45)
C, CIP, SXT, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT, AMI	10	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, CIP, GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	9	—	—	1 (50)	—	—	—	—	1 (10)	2 (2.99)
C, CIP, SXT, GN, F, TC, Amp, CEP, CFT	9	2 (20)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2 (2.99)
C, CIP, SXT, GN, F, TC, AMP, CFR, CFT	9	—	—	—	—	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, CIP, SXT, GN, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	9	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (10)	1 (1.49)
C, CIP, SXT, GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR	9	—	—	—	—	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, SXT, GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	9	1 (10)	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	1 (10)	1 (1.49)
CIP, SXT, GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	9	—	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
CIP, SXT, GN, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT, AMI	9	—	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	8	—	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, SXT, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	8	—	2 (25)	—	—	—	—	—	—	2 (2.99)
C, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT,	7	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR	7	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (16.7)	—	1 (1.49)
C, SXT, GN, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (10)	1 (1.49)
CIP, SXT, F, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	7	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
CIP, SXT, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	7	—	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, TC, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (10)	1 (1.49)
GN, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	7	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	2 (2.99)
SXT, F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	7	—	1 (12.5)	1 (50)	—	—	—	—	—	2 (2.99)
SXT, GN, F, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	7	1 (10)	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, F, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	6	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (16.7)	—	1 (1.49)
C, SXT, F, TC, AMP, CFR	6	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (16.7)	—	1 (1.49)
C, SXT, GN, AMP, CEP, CFR	6	—	—	—	1 (20)	—	—	1 (16.7)	—	2 (2.99)
F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFT, CFT	6	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
CIP, SXT, TC, AMP, CFR	5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	2 (20)	1 (1.49)
F, AMP, CEP, CFR, CFT	5	1 (10)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, TC, AMP, CEP, CFR	5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, TC, AMP, CFT, AMI	5	—	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
GN, TC, AMP, CFR, AMI	5	1 (10)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
C, F, T, AMP	4	—	—	—	—	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, AMP, CEP, CFR	4	1 (10)	—	—	2 (40)	2 (13.3)	—	—	—	4 (5.97)
F, AMP, CFR, AMI	4	—	—	—	1 (20)	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, AMP, CFR, CFT	4	1 (10)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, T, AMP, CEP	4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
CEP, AMP, CFR	3	—	—	—	—	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, AMP, CEP	3	1 (10)	—	—	—	1 (6.7)	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, CEP, CFR	3	—	—	—	—	—	1 (12.5)	2 (33.3)	—	2 (2.99)
F, TC, AMP	3	—	—	—	—	—	1 (12.5)	—	—	1 (1.49)
SXT, F, AMP,	3	1 (10)	—	—	1 (20)	—	—	—	—	2 (2.99)
SXT, TC, AMP	3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	1 (1.49)
F, TC	2	—	—	—	—	—	2 (25)	—	—	2 (2.99)
Total		10	8	2	5	15	8	6	10	64

C: chloramphenicol (30 µg); CIP: ciprofloxacin (5 µg); SXT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; GN: gentamicin (30 µg); F: nitrofurantoin; TC: tetracycline; Amp: ampicillin; Cep: cefalexin; CFR: ceftazidime; CFT: ceftriaxone; Ami: amikacin. All the tests were conducted on Mueller–Hinton agar as specified by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.