Research Article

A Modified Bat Algorithm with Conjugate Gradient Method for Global Optimization

Table 2

Comparison between CG-BAT and classical algorithm on benchmark functions (F1∼F10).

CG-BATBAFACSPSO

F1Best1.927E − 033.052E − 012.481E + 012.340E + 022.340E + 02
Median1.408E − 025.480E + 044.120E + 014.357E + 023.330E + 02
Worst2.233E + 006.569E + 048.028E + 016.119E + 024.140E + 02
Mean2.256E − 014.920E + 044.411E + 014.153E + 021.340E + 02
SD4.869E − 011.859E + 041.259E + 019.518E + 012.000E + 02

F2Best2.011E + 063.313E + 099.080E + 083.229E + 175.140E + 12
Median1.171E + 091.294E + 151.177E + 117.654E + 196.3157E + 12
Worst5.713E + 105.893E + 501.553E + 122.433E + 226.9119E + 12
Mean2.363E + 124.310E + 493.051E + 112.263E + 214.153E + 12
SD1.261E + 121.461E + 504.102E + 115.976E + 219.518E + 11

F3Best1.634E + 008.563E + 009.877E + 011.062E + 033.229E + 07
Median3.115E + 012.996E + 051.618E + 021.996E + 037.654E + 09
Worst1.256E + 024.370E + 053.850E + 023.409E + 039.433E + 12
Mean1.461E + 012.612E + 051.742E + 022.138E + 032.263E + 01
SD7.456E + 001.348E + 056.173E + 015.493E + 025.976E + 01

F4Best5.049E − 033.210E + 029.989E − 033.026E + 101.082E + 03
Median8.544E − 025.949E + 028.997E − 024.448E + 101.886E + 03
Worst5.630E − 016.848E + 022.136E + 006.797E + 003.809E + 03
Mean1.405E − 015.816E + 022.303E − 014.567E + 002.138E + 03
SD1.481E − 017.884E + 014.210E − 019.934E − 019.493E + 02

F5Best2.685E + 032.967E + 06−3.276E − 032.831E + 073.026E + 10
Median2.553E + 042.529E + 063.007E − 034.084E + 074.248E + 10
Worst3.907E + 043.495E + 062.215E − 048.620E + 076.497E + 10
Mean2.423E + 045.436E + 064.901E − 034.242E + 044.567E + 10
SD6.590E + 046.360E + 056.627E + 031.118E + 049.934E + 10

F6Best1.812E + 002.420E + 022.998E + 011.129E + 022.931E + 07
Median3.8097E + 003.074E + 021.575E + 021.378E + 024.984E + 07
Worst8.1481E + 003.670E + 022.047E + 021.644E + 028.920E + 07
Mean1.6193E + 003.086E + 021.551E + 021.366E + 024.242E + 04
SD1.0623E + 013.603E + 013.368E + 011.349E + 011.228E + 04

F7Best1.5168E + 003.024E − 011.053E + 002.414E + 001.339E + 02
Median4.2901E + 006.876E − 011.928E + 004.5175E + 001.378E + 02
Worst9.2997E + 001.135E − 023.388E + 008.1813E + 001.554E + 02
Mean4.2716E + 007.176E − 012.017E + 005.153E + 001.366E + 02
SD1.5826E + 002.927E − 015.223E − 011.865E + 001.349E + 01

F8Best0.214E + 002.096E + 012.302E + 008.391E + 002.414E + 00
Median1.681E + 002.196E + 013.191E + 001.400E + 012.988E + 01
Worst2.881E + 005.996E + 013.648E + 001.750E + 019.575E + 02
Mean5.899E + 006.996E + 013.191E + 001.209E + 012.047E + 02
SD1.730E + 007.062E − 042.904E − 011.753E + 001.451E + 02

F9Best2.895E + 037.685E + 034.745E + 034.522E − 033.368E + 01
Median4.492E + 038.365E + 035.370E + 035.045E − 031.753E + 02
Worst5.646E + 031.017E + 046.006E + 035.426E − 031.928E + 03
Mean4.357E + 038.940E + 035.407E + 035.056E − 033.398E + 00
SD6.414E + 021.242E + 033.363E + 021.747E − 022.667E + 00

F10Best2.911E − 033.336E + 014.637E + 026.691E + 025.223E + 01
Median1.038E − 022.473E + 026.892E + 029.105E + 022.311E + 02
Worst2.011E − 012.944E + 031.304E + 032.290E + 033.188E + 03
Mean2.645E − 024.916E + 027.193E + 021.073E + 033.648E + 00
SD2.926E − 026.275E + 022.121E + 023.967E + 023.191E + 00