Research Article

A Modified Bat Algorithm with Conjugate Gradient Method for Global Optimization

Table 4

Comparison between CG-BAT and classical algorithm on benchmark functions (F21∼F30).

CG-BATBAFACSPSO

F21Best1.118E + 035.517E + 005.919E + 035.919E − 036.019E + 00
Median2.554E + 036.560E + 029.621E + 039.621E − 033.268E − 01
Worst5.626E + 037.964E + 031.568E + 041.568E − 025.517E + 00
Mean2.852E + 031.678E + 039.618E + 019.618E − 036.560E + 02
SD1.105E + 032.032E + 032.226E + 072.226E − 037.964E + 03

F22Best1.009E + 011.488E + 022.573E + 052.573E + 031.678E + 03
Median1.585E + 011.245E + 037.580E + 067.580E + 032.032E + 03
Worst1.824E + 012.330E + 048.664E + 078.664E + 041.488E + 02
Mean1.046E + 011.049E + 023.533E + 043.533E + 041.245E + 03
SD3.837E + 054.971E + 047.697E + 041.697E + 052.330E + 04

F23Best5.828E + 038.280E + 014.124E − 044.124E + 041.049E + 02
Median2.383E + 045.373E + 035.220E − 045.220E + 044.971E + 04
Worst5.416E + 043.294E + 047.472E − 047.472E + 048.280E + 01
Mean2.562E + 048.130E + 035.336E − 045.336E + 045.373E + 03
SD7.676E + 038.472E + 038.132E − 038.132E + 033.294E + 04

F24Best0.041E − 031.080E − 014.375E + 014.375E + 018.130E + 03
Median1.258E − 021.507E + 018.306E + 018.306E + 018.472E + 03
Worst2.684E − 025.574 E + 011.201E + 021.201E + 021.080E − 01
Mean8.481E − 011.900E + 018.040E + 018.040E + 011.507E + 01
SD1.717E − 011.828E + 011.588E + 011.588E + 015.574E + 01

F25Best7.078E − 070.326E + 035.169E + 045.169E + 031.900E + 01
Median8.827E − 062.920E + 038.395E + 058.395E + 051.828E + 01
Worst2.223E − 057.001E + 051.329E + 061.329E + 060.326E + 03
Mean6.204E − 053.194E + 058.815E + 058.815E + 052.920E + 03
SD2.312E − 051.916E + 051.932E + 051.932E + 057.001E + 05

F26Best1.707E + 022.994E + 011.330E + 021.330E + 023.194E + 15
Median2.517E + 025.895E + 011.625E + 021.625E + 021.916E + 15
Worst3.456E + 029.913E + 011.845E + 021.845E + 022.994E + 61
Mean2.599E + 025.746E + 011.580E + 021.580E + 025.885E + 01
SD3.756E + 011.825E + 011.558E + 011.558E + 019.913E + 01

F27Best2.126E + 011.093E + 001.366E + 011.366E + 015.746E + 04
Median3.604E + 014.073E + 002.384E + 012.384E + 011.825E + 05
Worst8.057E + 019.562E + 003.540E + 013.540E + 011.993E + 06
Mean3.979E + 015.675E + 002.417E + 012.417E + 014.373E + 00
SD1.681E + 013.920E + 005.004E + 005.004E + 009.772E + 00

F28Best1.252E − 032.595E + 001.338E + 011.338E + 018.335E + 05
Median1.462E − 025.744E + 001.559E + 011.559E + 011.329E + 06
Worst1.737E − 011.145E + 011.640E + 011.640E + 018.995E + 09
Mean1.474E + 015.920E + 001.540E + 011.540E + 011.932E + 05
SD1.235E + 002.453E + 007.839E − 017.839E − 011.220E + 02

F29Best7.293E + 032.736E + 042.281E + 047.281E + 031.895E + 09
Median8.803E + 034.228E + 043.698E + 048.698E + 031.888E + 09
Worst9.480E + 035.993E + 044.624E + 049.624E + 032.580E + 09
Mean3.722E + 034.208E + 038.712E + 038.712E + 031.998E + 01
SD5.060E + 027.320E + 025.463E + 025.463E + 021.336E + 01

F30Best8.437E + 041.048E + 028.566E + 031.566E + 011.384E + 02
Median1.588E + 052.756E + 035.394E + 042.394E + 011.540E + 03
Worst2.346E + 054.793E + 042.811E + 053.811E + 012.417E + 01
Mean1.597E + 055.961E + 038.159E + 048.159E + 019.090E + 03
SD4.048E + 049.588E + 036.481E + 046.481E + 044.237E + 01