Urinary biomarker profiles in subjects who develop AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Abbreviations: AKI: acute kidney injury, defined as a 50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin; IL-18: interleukin 18; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule 1; L-FABP: liver-type fatty acid binding protein; Cys: cystatin c; creat: creatinine. Adapted and modified with permission from Devarajan [65].
