Effects of Moderate-to-Severe Impairment of the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and of Proteinuria on the Central Hemodynamics and Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged Healthy Japanese Men

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of the study subjects classified by the presence/absence of proteinuria.

	Pro (+)	Pro (−)	𝑃-value	eGFR < 60	eGFR ≥ 60	𝑃 value
Number	65	2179		48	2196
Age (y)	43±10	44±9	.69	54±8	44±9	<.01
Height (cm)	172±6	172±6	.21	172±6	172±6	.92
BMI	25.1±4.1	23.9±3.0	<.05	24.6±2.6	23.9±3.0	<.05
WC (cm)	87±11	84±8	<.05	86±6	84±8	.09
Smoking (%)	30 (46)	677 (31)	<.01	7 (15)	700 (32)	<.01
ALC (N/LM/H)(%)	12/34/19 (18/52/30)	279/1352/548 (13/62/25)	.25	5/32/11 (10/67/23)	286/1354/556 (13/62/25)	.76
SBP (mmHg)	126±15	122±14	<.05	130±15	122±14	<.01
DBP (mmHg)	79±12	76±11	<.05	84±12	76±11	<.01
Pulse rate (bpm)	71±9	68±10	<.05	71±9	68±10	.07
baPWV (m/s)	13.7±2.1	12.9±1.8	<.01	14.5±2.3	12.9±1.8	<.01
radial AI (%)	74±10	71±13	<.05	73±14	71±13	.12
SBP 2 (mmHg)	117±17	111±16	<.01	120±19	111±16	<.01
TC (mmol/L)	5.5±1.0	5.3±0.9	.19	5.9±1.0	5.3±0.9	<.01
HDL (mmol/L )	1.4±0.4	1.6±0.4	<.01	1.5±0.4	1.6±0.4	.16
TG (mmol/L)	1.6±1.7	1.4±1.0	.31	1.8±1.0	1.4±1.0	<.01
FPG (mmol/Ll)	5.2±0.5	4.9±0.5	.12	5.1±0.5	4.9±0.5	<.01
eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m^2)	85±15	82±12	.10	56±4	82±12	<.01
eGFR <60 (%)	1 (1.5)	64 (2.9)	.59	—	—	—
Proteinuria (%)	—	—	—	1 (2.0)	47 (2.1)	.75

Abbreviations. Pro (+): subjects with proteinuria; Pro (−): subjects without proteinuria; eGFR < 60: subjects with eGFR of 15 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m²; eGFR ≥ 60: subjects with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m²; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; smoking: number of subjects who were smoking; ALC: (N: nondrinker, LM: light-to-moderate drinker (ethanol intake: 1–29 g/day), and H: heavy drinker (ethanol intake: ≥30 g/day)); SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; radial AI: radial augmentation index; SBP2: second peak of the radial pressure waveform; TC: serum total cholesterol; HDL: serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: serum triglycerides; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m²: number of subjects with eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m²; proteinuria: number of subjects with proteinuria.