Indices of Kidney Damage and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Semiurban Community of Iloye, South-West Nigeria

Table 2

Frequencies of participants with abnormal urinalysis and cardiovascular disease risk factors in relationship with chronic kidney disease staging.

		No CKD	Stage 1	Stage 2	Stage 3	Stage 4	Stage 5	Total
			CKD	CKD	CKD	CKD	CKD
	No. of participants	179 (54.91%)	93 (28.53%)	46 (14.11%)	6 (1.86%)	1 (0.31%)	1 (0.31%)	326 (100.00%)
Urine abnormality	Proteinuria	NA	84 (25.77%)	13 (3.99%)	1 (0.31%)	1 (0.31%)	0 (0.0%)	99 (30.37%)
	Haematuria	NA	13 (3.99%)	2 (0.62%)	1 (0.31%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	16 (4.91%)
Traditional CVD risk factors	Hypertension	88 (26.99%)	46 (14.11%)	16 (4.91%)	1 (0.31%)	1 (0.31%)	0 (0.0%)	152 (46.63%)
	Diabetes mellitus	2 (0.62%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.31%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (0.93%)
	Hypercholesterolaemia	4 (1.24%)	6 (1.86%)	4 (1.24%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.31%)	1 (0.31%)	16 (4.91%)
	Hypertriglyceridaemia	2 (0.62%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.31%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (0.93%)
	Overweighed/obese	95 (29.14%)	57 (17.48%)	11 (3.37%)	1 (0.31%)	1 (0.31%)	1 (0.31%)	166 (50.92%)
	Smoking	4 (1.24%)	1 (0.31%)	1 (0.31%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	6 (1.86%)
	Alcohol > 3 bottles/day	3 (0.93%)	2 (0.62%)	1 (0.31%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	6 (1.86%)

N.B. Percentages were based on the total number of participants
NA: not applicable, CKD: chronic kidney disease, CVD: cardiovascular disease.