Urinary Markers of Glomerular Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 1

Overview of biomarkers of glomerular injury in diabetic nephropathy*.

Marker	DM1	DM2	Prior to MA**	Predicts MA***	UAE	Diabetic retinopathy	CV risk
Transferrin	+	+	+	+	+	+
IV-C	+	+	+		+	−
Fibronectin	+	+			+
Laminin	+	+	+		+/−
GAGs	+	+	+		+/−	−	+
IgG	+	+	+	+	+
Ceruloplasmin	−	+	+	+	+
L-PGDS	−	+	+	+	+		+
IgM	+	+					+

DM1: studies in type 1 diabetic patients, DM2: studies in type 2 diabetic patients, MA: microalbuminuria, UAE: correlation with urine albumin excretion, CV: cardiovascular, IV-C: type IV collagen, GAGs: glycosaminoglycans, IgG: immunoglobulin G, L-PGDS: Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase, IgM: immunoglobulin M. *: an empty space means not enough data published, **: presence prior to microalbuminuria, ***: predicts the development of microalbuminuria, “+/−”: conflicting results are published,: transferrin is correlated with cardiovascular risk, but albumin is a better predictor of ischemic heart disease.