(a) Localization of urotensin-II (U-II) immunoreactivity (brown color) in the normal human kidney. Weak immunostaining in glomerulus, abundant expression of U-II in tubules. Thick arrows: weak immunostaining and black arrow: strong immunostaining [21]. (b) Urotensin-II immunoreactivity in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Immunostaining in glomerular basement membrane, mesangium, Bowman capsule, and tubules. GBM: glomerular basement membrane, MPGN: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, BC: Bowman capsule, M: mesangium, PT: proximal tubule, and DT: distal tubule [21]. (c) Localization of urotensin-II immunoreactivity in a crescent [21]. (d) Urotensin-II immunoreactivity in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Notice the abundant expression of U-II in sclerotic area [32].
