Chronic Kidney Disease in Disadvantaged Populations
Table 3
Life style modifications for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Goals
Lifestyle Modifications
Weight loss
Lose weight gradually by making permanent changes in daily diet for the entire family. Initiate a 10 kcal per pound of body weight per day diet. Set a reasonable weight loss goal (1-2 lb/week for first 3–6 months).
Dietary goals: Low fat Low sodium High potassium High calcium
Eat more broiled and steamed foods. Eat more grains, fresh fruits, and vegetables. Eat fewer fats and use healthier fats, such as olive oil. Eat fewer processed foods, fast foods, and fried foods. Read labels and pay attention to the sodium salt and fat content of foods. Do not season foods with smoked meats, such as bacon and ham hocks. If lactose intolerant, try lactose-free milk or yogurt, or drink calcium-fortified juices, or soy milk.
Physical fitness
Increase physical activity as part of the daily routine: e.g., if currently sedentary, get off the bus 6 blocks from home or walk in the evening with spouse, friend or group. Gradually increase time spent at an enjoyable physical activity to 30–45 minutes 3–5 days/week.
Stress management
Learn stress reduction techniques and coping skills for specific stressors in the work and/or home environment. Meditation, Relaxation, Yoga, Biofeedback, others.
Smoking cessation
Stop smoking and advocate for a smoke-free environment
Alcohol moderation
Drink no more than 2 beers, 1 glass of wine, or 1 shot of hard liquor per day (50% less for women).
Adapted from Martins DS and Norris KC. Hypertension treatment in African-American: Physiology is less important than sociology. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2004; 71(9) 735-743.
