Risk Factors Associated with Peritoneal-Dialysis-Related Peritonitis

Table 4

Identified modifiable risk factors.

Ref	Risk factor	Statistics	Result	Meth. quality
Malnutrition
[11]	Albumin per g/dL increase	HR (adj.)	0.73 (0.59–0.91)	Good
[10]	Albumin per 10 g/L decrease	HR (adj.)	1.67 (1.08–2.60)	Good
[31]	Albumin < 3 g/dL (versus ≥3 g/dL)	Comp. of PET (not adj.)	𝑃<0.05	Average
[17]	Albumin < 3 g/dL (versus ≥3 g/dL)	OR (adj.)	2.03 (1.21–3.43)	Good
[22]	Declining Albumin	Comp. of PET (not adj.)	𝑃=0.026	Average
[21]	No malnutrition (versus malnutrition^a)	HR (adj.)	0.08 (0.018–0.365)	Average
[20]	Albumin < 2.9 g/dL (versus ≥2.9)	IRR (adj.)	0.74 (0.61–0.89)	Average
[9]	Albumin per 1 g/dL increase	HR (adj.)	0.61 (0.37–1.13)	Good
[7]	Albumin per 10 g/L decrease	HR (adj.)	1.80 (0.68–4.80)	Good
[25]	Level of serum albumin	Comp. of RF (not adj.)	𝑃 = non-significant	Average
Weight
[13]	BMI per 5 kg/m^2	HR (adj.)	1.08 (1.04–1.12)	Good
[39]	BMI > 30 kg/m^2(versus 20–24.9)	HR (adj.)	1.25 (1.04–1.50)	Average
[15]	BMI > 30 kg/m^2 (versus 0–18.5)	HR (adj.)	1.21 (1.01–1.43)	Good
[39]	BMI < 20 kg/m^2 (versus 20–24.9)	HR (adj.)	0.98 (0.81–1.20)	Average
[39]	BMI 25–29.9 kg/m^2(versus 20–24.9)	HR (adj.)	1.08 (0.94–1.24)	Average
[10]	BMI per kg/m^2	HR (adj.)	0.98 (0.91–1.05)	Good
Smoking
[12]	Current smoking (versus never)	OR (adj.)	1.71 (1.04–2.82)	Good
[13]	Current smoking (versus never)	OR (adj.)	1.15 (1.07–1.23)	Good
[15]	Smoker (versus non-smoker)	HR (adj.)	1.04 (0.97–1.11)	Good
Staph. aureus
[29]	Staph. aureus-carrier (versus non-carrier)	Comp. of PET (not adj.)	𝑃>0.50	Average
Comedication
[18]	Use of oral active vitamin D (versus none)	HR (adj.)	0.20 (0.06–0.64)	Good
[35]	Immunosuppression (versus none)	Comp. of PET (not adj.)	𝑃<0.001	Average
[19]	Use of Sevelamer (versus none)	HR (adj.)	0.55 (0.21–1.42)	Good
Psychosocial factors
[32]	Depression (versus no depression)	HR (adj.)	2.70 (1.23–6.03)	Average
[26]	Depression (versus no depression)	Comp. of PET (not adj.)	𝑃<0.05	Average
[28]	Passive dependent personality (NFI).	IRR (adj.)	N.R	Average
[37]	Substance abuse (versus no substance abuse)	HR (adj.)	1.9 (1.1–3.2)	Average
Socioeconomic status
[30]	Education per year	IRR (adj.)	0.945 (𝑃=0.028)	Average
[17]	Educational level < 4 years of schooling (versus ≥4 years)	OR (adj.)	2.15 (1.09–4.24)	Good
[37]	Student (versus no student)	HR (adj.)	2.4 (1.4–4.3)	Average
[7]	Illiteracy (versus literacy)	HR (adj.)	2.73 (1.04–7.20)	Good
[7]	Receiving social security assistance (versus no assistance)	HR (adj.)	2.69 (1.10–6.54)	Good
[37]	Living in a rented house (versus own house)	HR (adj.)	1.2 (1.0–1.5)	Average
Patient’s choice
[38]	PD as second choice (versus first choice)	Time to first PE (not adj.)	𝑃<0.001	Average
[36]	PD against patient’s or first physician’s choice	HR (adj.)	1.6 (1.1–2.2)	Average
Former modality
[40]	Transfer from HD	IRR (adj.)	1.24 (1.11–1.38)	Average
[40]	Failed transplant (versus no failed transplant)	IRR (adj.)	1.27 (0.95–1.69)	Average

aAssessed by Subjective Global Assessment; BMI: body mass index. Comp. of PET: comparison of peritonitis episodes per time period. Comp. of RF: Comparison of levels of studied risk factor (peritonitis versus no peritonitis). HR: hazard ratio. OR: odds ratio. PE: peritonitis episode. Staph. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus. NFI: no further information.