An autopsy study of 56 extremely premature infants ( AGA, and SGA)
Decreased RGC in premature AGA versus term Increased mesangial tuft area and Bowman’s capsule area in preterm surviving >40 days without RF versus term or preterm surviving <40 days with or without RF
Determination of total glomerular number and volume in stillborn AGA and SGA neonates, in liveborn AGA, and SGA infants who died within 1 year of birth
Decreased glomerular number in SGA versus AGA in both stillborn and those who died within 1 year after birth, no difference in glomerular volume
Determination of kidney and glomerular size, glomerular density, glomerular morphology and number, and number of glomerular generations in preterm baboons studied after 21 days of extrauterine life versus GA-matched controls
Larger kidneys, decreased glomerular density, enlarged glomeruli, shrunken glomerular tuft, and cystic Bowman’s space in preterm versus controls No difference in total number of glomeruli or number of glomerular generations
Determination of the effect of preterm delivery at 1-2 days prior to term birth in mice on glomerular number, blood pressure, measured GFR, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio at 5 weeks of age
A 20% decrease in glomerular number, increased blood pressure, lower GFR and higher urine albumin/creatinine ratio in preterm versus term
Determination of blood pressure at 19 years of age in 422 individuals with GA < 32 weeks and in 174 individuals with GA > 32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g
Increased prevalence of elevated blood pressure in GA < 32 weeks versus GA > 32 weeks not related with IUGR, increased postnatal weight gain and weight at age of 19 affected the risk for hypertension
Determination of blood pressure and flow-mediated endothelial-dependent vasodilation (EDV) in preterm SGA (), preterm AGA (), and term AGA () individuals at age 13–16 years
No difference in blood pressure among all groups and reduced EDV in preterm SGA versus preterm or term AGA
Record linkage study of 165;136 men studied at mean age of 18 years
Inverse association of blood pressure with GA alone or with GA adjusted for birth weight (SGA) and increased inverse association of blood pressure in SGA versus AGA
Determination of mean blood pressure and brachioradial artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) in ex-preterm SGA (), preterm AGA (), and term AGA () children at years of age
Higher mean blood pressure and PWV in preterm SGA versus preterm or term AGA
Single-center prospective cohort study Determination of GFR measured by inulin clearance at mean age of years in preterm SGA (), AGA (), and preterm with EUGR ()
Lower GFR in SGA versus AGA and in EUGR versus AGA, no difference in urine albumin/creatinine ratio or in blood pressure among the groups
RGC: radial glomerular count, RF: renal failure, GA: gestational age, SGA: small for GA, AGA: appropriate for GA, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, EUGR: extrauterine growth retardation.