Classification of Five Uremic Solutes according to Their Effects on Renal Tubular Cells

Figure 1

Effects of five uremic solutes on viable cell number. Porcine renal tubular cells were treated with each uremic solute for 48 hours. Viable cell number was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. Optical density at 450 nm was measured and the values were calculated as percent of control. Data are shown as mean ± S.D (). Asterisks indicate significant reduction of viable cell population compared to control (). Cont, control; IS, indoxyl sulfate; PCS, p-cresyl sulfate; PhS, phenyl sulfate; HA, hippuric acid.