Classification of Five Uremic Solutes according to Their Effects on Renal Tubular Cells

Figure 4

Effects of uremic solutes on cell death. After 48-hour incubation with each uremic solute, porcine renal tubular cells were stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). Percent of annexin V-positive cells and annexin V/PI-positive cells was analyzed and calculated. Cont, control; IS, indoxyl sulfate; PCS, p-cresyl sulfate; PhS, phenyl sulfate; HA, hippuric acid; IAA, indoleacetic acid. Data are shown as mean ± S.D. (). Asterisk indicates significant difference compared to corresponding control (). Sharp marks (#) indicate .