Early Trends in Cystatin C and Outcomes in Patients with Cirrhosis and Acute Kidney Injury
Table 1
Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory values.
Total
Scr−/CysC−
Scr−/CysC+
Scr+/CysC−
Scr+/CysC+
Age in years, mean ± SD
56.3 ± 8.9
54.6 ± 9.8
57.1 ± 10.2
58.1
56.9
0.52
Male sex, (%)
70 (66)
26 (68)
17 (68)
8 (53)
19 (68)
0.74
BMI, median (IQR)
30.6 (25.7–36)
32.2 (26.3–36.8)
29.2 (25.5–32.6)
33.2 (25.7–21.3)
31.5 (25–36.5)
0.41
Race (%)
White
76 (72)
30 (79)
17 (68)
12 (80)
17 (61)
0.34
Black
16 (15)
4 (11)
4 (16)
2 (13)
6 (21)
0.67
Hispanic
12 (11)
4 (11)
3 (12)
1 (7)
4 (14)
0.90
Diabetes (%)
24 (23)
12 (32)
2 (8)
3 (20)
7 (25)
0.16
Active cancer (%)
13 (12)
5 (13)
2 (8)
2 (13)
4 (14)
0.92
Baseline creatinine mg/dL, median (IQR)
1.02 (0.8–1.3)
1 (0.8–1.2)
0.97 (0.8–1.2)
1.1 (0.9–1.43)
1.18 (0.8–1.56)
0.12
CKDa
34 (32)
9 (24)
8 (32)
6 (40)
11 (39)
0.51
Cirrhosis etiology (%)
Alcohol
32 (30)
11 (29)
12 (38)
4 (27)
5 (18)
0.13
Alcohol and HCV
27 (25)
13 (34)
3 (12)
1 (7)
10 (36)
0.04
HCV
19 (18)
6 (16)
3 (12)
2 (13)
8 (29)
0.45
NASH
10 (9)
2 (5)
2 (8)
3 (20)
3 (11)
0.40
Cryptogenic
4 (4)
1 (3)
1 (4)
2 (13)
0 (0)
0.16
Autoimmune
7 (7)
3 (8)
2 (8)
2 (13)
0 (0)
0.28
Other
8 (8)
3 (8)
2 (8)
2 (13)
1 (4)
0.65
Previous complications of cirrhosis (%)
Ascites
81 (76)
27 (71)
21 (84)
11 (73)
22 (79)
0.67
Hepatic encephalopathy
67 (63)
22 (58)
15 (60)
11 (73)
19 (68)
0.68
Variceal bleed
24 (23)
12 (32)
5 (20)
3 (20)
4 (14)
0.42
SBP
12 (12)
3 (8)
5 (20)
2 (13)
4 (14)
0.55
Reason for admission (%)
Hepatic encephalopathy
26 (25)
10 (26)
4 (16)
5 (33)
7 (25)
0.63
Refractory ascites/edema
16 (15)
6 (16)
4 (16)
3 (20)
3 (11)
0.86
AKI
12 (11)
3 (8)
2 (8)
2 (13)
5 (18)
0.60
GI bleed
8 (8)
3 (8)
1 (4)
0 (0)
4 (14)
0.44
Abdominal pain
7 (7)
4 (11)
1 (4)
1 (7)
1 (4)
0.78
Jaundice
5 (5)
3 (8)
1 (4)
1 (7)
0 (0)
0.50
Transplant work-up
6 (6)
1 (3)
2 (8)
1 (7)
2 (7)
0.70
SBP
4 (4)
0 (0)
2 (8)
0 (0)
2 (7)
0.20
Infection other than SBP
4 (4)
2 (5)
1 (4)
1 (7)
0 (0)
0.57
Other
20 (19)
7 (18)
7 (28)
2 (13)
4 (14)
0.63
Child-Pugh Classb (%)
0.17
B
37 (35)
17 (45)
6 (24)
7 (47)
7 (25)
C
69 (65)
21 (55)
19 (76)
8 (53)
21 (75)
Child-Pugh score, median (IQR)
10 (9–12)
10 (9–12)
11 (10–12)
10 (8–12)
10 (10–12)
0.39
MELD score, mean ± SD
26.4 ± 9.5
25 ± 9
26.8 ± 9.8
23.8 ± 7.4
29.3 ± 10.5
0.20
Bilirubin, median (IQR)
4 (1.8–9.1)
3 (1.6–6.4)
6.1 (2.6–9.6)
3.8 (1.6–5.5)
5.5 (2–16.7)
0.31
INR, median (IQR)
1.7 (1.3–2.3)
1.5 (1.2–2.3)
1.8 (1.4–2.3)
1.6 (1.2–1.8)
1.9 (1.4–2.7)
0.08
Sodium, mean ± SD
133 ± 6
133 ± 6
132 ± 7
135 ± 7
133 ± 7
0.74
Hyponatremia at enrollmentc (%)
34 (32)
12 (32)
10 (40)
5 (33)
7 (25)
0.71
aCKD defined as GFR < 60 mL/min calculated via CKD-EPI equation.
bChild-Pugh Class and MELD score at time of enrollment.
cSerum sodium <130 mEq/L. SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HCV: hepatitis C virus; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; SBP: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; MELD: model of end-stage liver disease; INR: international normalized ratio.
