Research Article
Spot Urine Estimations Are Equivalent to 24-Hour Urine Assessments of Urine Protein Excretion for Predicting Clinical Outcomes
Table 1
Characteristics of participants.
| | Age (years) | 58.4 ± 12.8 | | Male (, %) | 120 (51.7) | | Ethnicity (, %) | | | All | 232 (100) | | Chinese | 94 (40.5) | | Malay | 74 (31.9) | | Indian | 56 (24.1) | | Others | 8 (0.03) | | Height (m) | 1.59 ± 0.09 | | Weight (kg) | 70.3 ± 15.9 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 5.5 | | Body surface area (m2) | 1.72 ± 0.21 | | Measured GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 51.7 ± 27.5 | | Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 153 ± 92 | | Serum protein (g/L) | 72.2 ± 5.7 | | Serum albumin (g/L) | 41.8 ± 3.2 | | Serum urea (mmol/L) | 8.35 ± 6.35 | | 24 hr urine volume (L) | 1.76 ± 0.78 | | 24 hr urine protein (g) | 0.6 ± 0.9 | | 24 hr urine albumin (mg) | 383.7 ± 685.9 | | 24 hr urine creatinine (mmol) | 8.2 ± 3.6 | | Spot urine protein (g/L) | 0.64 ± 1.04 | | Spot urine albumin (mg/L) | 413.3 ± 721.5 | | Spot urine creatinine (mmol/L) | 6.9 ± 4.6 | | UPCR (mg/mg) | 1.03 ± 1.87 | | UACR (mg/mg) | 0.68 ± 1.3 | | Diabetes (, %) | 119 (51) | | Hypertension (, %) | 192 (83) | | Cause of CKD (, %) | | | Hypertension | 115 (49.6) | | Diabetic nephropathy | 54 (23.3) | | Glomerular disease | 38 (16.4) | | Polycystic kidney disease | 6 (2.6) | | Obstructive kidney disease | 4 (1.7) | | Other or unknown cause | 15 (6.5) |
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Data shown as mean ± SD or frequency (percentage).
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