Spot Urine Estimations Are Equivalent to 24-Hour Urine Assessments of Urine Protein Excretion for Predicting Clinical Outcomes
Table 4
Proportional hazards models predicting the combined end-point of ESRD and death.
Model
value
Term
value
Risk ratio
Lower 95% CI
Upper 95% CI
−Log likelihood
Model 1
−79.45
<0.001
Log 24 hr urine protein
<0.001
3.87
2.37
6.31
Log serum urea
<0.001
17.62
6.27
49.54
Age
0.225
0.97
0.93
1.02
Gender
0.310
1.66
0.62
4.41
Malay ethnicity
0.155
2.08
0.76
5.72
Indian and others ethnicity
0.572
1.43
0.41
4.93
Model 2
−80.03
<0.001
Log 24 hr urine albumin
<0.001
2.90
1.87
4.51
Log serum urea
<0.001
16.94
6.25
45.89
Age
0.28
0.98
0.94
1.02
Gender
0.31
1.65
0.62
4.40
Malay ethnicity
0.16
2.07
0.75
5.69
Indian and others ethnicity
0.63
1.36
0.39
4.72
Model 3
−77.30
<0.001
Log UPCR
<0.001
3.82
2.40
6.07
Log serum urea
<0.001
23.52
7.60
72.85
Age
0.07
0.96
0.92
1.00
Gender
0.01
3.89
1.33
11.40
Malay ethnicity
0.19
1.94
0.72
5.22
Indian and others ethnicity
0.40
1.71
0.48
6.04
Model 4
−79.38
<0.001
Log UACR
<0.001
2.98
1.93
4.58
Log serum urea
<0.001
20.67
7.09
60.23
Age
0.12
0.97
0.92
1.01
Gender
0.03
3.23
1.15
9.12
Malay ethnicity
0.18
1.96
0.73
5.24
Indian and others ethnicity
0.42
1.69
0.48
6.05
All models included the standard terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. Risk ratios for continuous variables are per unit change in the regressor, and for categorical variables: gender (men/women), with women being the reference level.
