| | Preoperative characteristics | No AKI, mean ± SD,
| AKI, mean ± SD,
| value |
| | Age, median [range] | 84.1 ± 2.8 [80.1–93.4] | 83.9 ± 2.8 [80.1–92.0] | 0.49 | | Sex, male (%) | 57 (51.3) | 58 (59.2) | 0.26 | | BMI, kg/m2 | 27.1 ± 4.9 | 28.4 ± 5.7 | 0.09 | | HTN (%) | 72 (64.9) | 55 (56.1) | 0.20 | | Diabetes (%) | 18 (16.2) | 22 (22.4) | 0.25 | | Hyperlipidemia on lipid-lowering agents (%) | 62 (55.9) | 42 (42.9) | 0.06 | | Chronic pulmonary disease (%) | 19 (17.1) | 14 (14.3) | 0.58 | | Preexisting CKD (%) | 8 (7.2) | 26 (26.5) | <0.0001 | | Prior myocardial infarction (%) | 12 (10.8) | 23 (23.5) | 0.01 | | CAD (%) | 78 (70.3) | 65 (66.3) | 0.54 | | Peripheral vascular, cerebrovascular, or carotid artery disease (%) | 29 (26.1) | 36 (36.7) | 0.10 | | CHF (%) | 94 (84.7) | 73 (74.5) | 0.07 | | Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2.39 | 2.91 | 0.03 | | Pre-op EF, % | 53.7 ± 15.5 | 55.7 ± 14.3 | 0.34 | | Pre-op hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.8 ± 1.6 | 11.9 ± 1.6 | 0.03 |
| | Hospital course | | | |
| | Surgical duration, min | 331.0 ± 82.8 | 369.1 ± 108.5 | 0.005 | | CABG, yes or no (%) | 64 (57.7) | 58 (59.2) | 0.82 | | IABP (%) | 2 (1.80) | 9 (9.18) | 0.02 | | Cross clamp time, min | 69.7 ± 30.1 | 69.0 ± 32.3 | 0.85 | | CPB, min | 96.7 ± 39.3 | 101.3 ± 43.3 | 0.42 | | Net intraoperative fluid balance, L | 6.87 ± 2.57 | 8.12 ± 4.28 | 0.01 | | Total intraoperative saline, L | 0.90 ± 0.72 | 1.16 ± 0.95 | 0.02 | | Intraoperative hemoglobin, g/dLa | 8.28 ± 1.04 | 7.92 ± 1.04 | 0.01 | | RBC on operative day, L | 0.74 ± 0.63 | 1.06 ± 1.03 | 0.008 | | RBC during hospitalization, L | 0.92 ± 0.86 | 1.54 ± 1.65 | 0.0007 | | Length of hospital stay, day | 9.2 ± 4.2 () | 14.0 ± 11.7 () | <0.0001 | | Discharge creatinine, mg/dL | 1.09 ± 0.25 | 1.46 ± 0.56 | <0.0001 |
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