Clinicopathological Correlation in Asian Patients with Biopsy-Proven Lupus Nephritis
Table 1
The demographic and clinical findings at renal biopsy by LN class.
Total ()
Class II ()
Class III ()
Class IVG ()
Class IVS ()
Class V ()
Female (, %)
219 (89.8%)
5 (71.4%)
35 (92.1%)
106 (90.6%)
34 (87.2%)
39 (90.7%)
Age (years)
Current immunosuppressive agents (, %)
Prednisolone
226 (92.6%)
6 (85.7%)
37 (97.4%)
104 (88.9%)
38 (97.4%)
41 (95.3%)
Azathioprine
72 (29.5%)
2 (28.6%)
9 (23.7%)
31 (26.5%)
14 (35.9%)
16 (37.2%)
Cyclophosphamide
85 (34.8%)
2 (28.6%)
14 (36.8%)
40 (34.2%)
13 (33.3%)
16 (37.2%)
Mycophenolate mofetil
39 (16%)
1 (14.3%)
8 (21.1%)
19 (16.2%)
7 (17.9%)
4 (9.3%)
Current antihypertensive agents (, %)
ACEI/ARB
102 (41.8%)
4 (57.1%)
12 (31.6%)
45 (38.5%)
19 (48.7%)
22 (51.2%)
CCB
59 (24.2%)
3 (42.9%)
3 (7.9%)*
36 (30.8%)
9 (23.1%)
8 (18.6%)
BB
15 (6.1%)
—
—
8 (6.8%)
5 (12.8%)
2 (4.7%)
Extrarenal manifestation (, %)
Arthritis
134 (54.9%)
2 (28.6%)
28 (73.7%)
59 (50.4%)
20 (51.3%)
25 (58.1%)
Malar rash
112 (45.9%)
2 (28.6%)
16 (42.1%)
57 (48.7%)
20 (51.3%)
17 (39.5%)
Discoid rash
60 (24.6%)
1 (14.3%)
6 (15.8%)
28 (23.9%)
10 (25.6%)
15 (34.9%)
Photosensitivity rash
45 (18.4%)
1 (14.3%)
7 (18.4%)
20 (17.1%)
8 (20.5%)
9 (20.9%)
Oral ulcer
66 (27%)
—
11 (28.9%)
39 (33.3%)
6 (15.4%)
10 (23.3%)
AIHA
79 (32.4%)
—
13 (34.2%)
45 (38.5%)
10 (25.6%)
11 (25.6%)
Leukopenia
86 (35.2%)
1 (14.3%)
18 (47.4%)
44 (37.6%)
11 (28.2%)
12 (27.9%)
Thrombocytopenia
64 (26.2%)
1 (14.3%)
8 (21.1%)
30 (25.6%)
14 (35.9%)
11 (25.6%)
Serositis
50 (20.5%)
—
6 (15.8%)
32 (27.6%)
8 (20.5%)
4 (9.3%)
CNS
11 (4.5%)
—
—
7 (6%)
—
4 (9.3%)
Data are mean ± SD, median with interquartile range and percentages; † < 0.05 versus class V and * < 0.05 versus class II. ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, AIHA: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, ARB: angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, BB: beta-blockers, CCB: calcium channel blocker, CNS: central nervous system.
