Low, rather than High, Body Mass Index Is a Risk Factor for Acute Kidney Injury in Multiethnic Asian Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study

Table 4

Multivariate logistic regression models using bootstrap method for the risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients.

	Odds ratio	95% CI	value
Age; (reference: <55)
55–75	1.91	1.64–2.24	<0.001
>75	2.24	1.89–2.65	<0.001
Gender; (reference: female)
Male	0.96	0.85–1.07	0.43
Ethnicity; (reference: Chinese)
Indian	0.81	0.67–0.98	0.03
Malay	1.18	1.02–1.36	0.02
Background diagnoses
Cardiovascular disease	1.53	1.35–1.75	<0.001
Chronic kidney disease	2.01	1.73–2.45	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus	1.60	1.42–1.80	<0.001
Hepatobiliary disease	1.71	1.36–2.15	<0.001
Psychiatric illness	1.40	1.14–1.72	<0.001
Gastrointestinal disease	0.83	0.68–1.00	0.058
Primary diagnoses
Infectious and parasitic diseases	2.08	1.72–2.49	<0.001
Neoplasm	1.53	1.17–1.98	0.002
Diseases of the genitourinary system	1.93	1.62–2.30	<0.001
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue	0.69	0.54–0.88	0.002
Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions	0.63	0.51–0.76	<0.001
Procedures
Otolaryngology related surgery	2.91	1.94–4.28	<0.001
Endoscopy	1.30	1.13–1.48	<0.001
Open laparotomy	1.56	1.23–1.97	<0.001
Cardiology related percutaneous procedures	0.64	0.46–0.87	0.007

BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval. The value of Hosmer-Lemeshow’s goodness-of-fit test is 0.35.